I-trisodium citrate dihydrate: Ukuqonda le cottarte ye-sodium evamile

Wake wazibuza ukuthi lawo magama awo awonke akhona esosayensi ekudleni nasemishadweni asho ukuthini? Enye okungenzeka ukuthi uyibonile I-trisodium citrate dihydrate. Lo mbhalo uzochaza ini I-trisodium citrate dihydrate , kuhlobene kanjani ne i-sodium citrate na- i-citric acid, nokuthi kungani isetshenziswa ezintweni eziningi ezahlukene esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Ukuqonda le nhlanganisela evamile kungakusiza ukuba ube ngumthengi onolwazi.

Yini ngempela I-trisodium citrate dihydrate? Kungenye nje Usawoti?

Yebo, I-trisodium citrate dihydrate empeleni a usawoti. Ukuze uqonde, yi- usawoti we-trisodium iwa- i-citric acid. Cabanga nge i-citric acid njenge-parent compound. Nini i-citric acid uphendula ngesisekelo esifana i-sodium hydroxide, kwakha a usawoti. Uma kwenzeka kuba I-trisodium citrate, ezintathu i-sodium ama-ion anamathisela ku- ICitorate Ig. Ingxenye ye- "Dihydrate" isho ukuthi ama-molecule amabili amanzi ahlotshaniswa ne-molecule ngayinye ye I-trisodium citrate. Ngamakhemikhali, kuvezwa njengo-c₆H₅Ni nina₃O₇· 2h₂O. Usengakuzwa futhi i-sodium citrate, kepha leli gama lingabhekisela kokunye usawoti we-sodium iwa- i-citric acid kanjalo. Ngalokho i-citric acid inama-athomu amathathu we-hydrogen amathathu, angakha okuhlukile okuthathu usawoti we-sodium: I-Monosodium citrate, i-disedium citrate, futhi I-trisodium citrate. I-trisodium citrate yi- Usawoti we-Tribasic we-citric acid, okusho ukuthi wonke ama-hydrogens amathathu a-aciddrogens athathelwe indawo yi i-sodium.

Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kungukuthi usawoti, I-trisodium citrate kungaphezu nje kwalokho i-sodium chloride (usawoti wetafula). Inezakhiwo ezihlukile ezenza zibe lusizo ebangeni elibanzi le Izicelo ekudleni, iziphuzo, amakhamithi, futhi Izicelo zezimboni. Iqiniso lokuthi kungukuthi usawoti we-acid Ikunikeza izici ezihlukile kancane kunamanye amasawoti ajwayelekile. Isibonelo, lingasebenza njenge- isigcinalwazi, ukusiza ukugcina isitezi uhlobo.

Kanjani I-trisodium citrate dihydrate Kwehlukile kusuka I-citric acid na- ICitrate Anhydrous? Yini eyenza I-anhydrous Kusho ukuthi?

Umehluko osemqoka ulele esakhiweni sabo samakhemikhali kanye nokuba khona kwamanzi. I-citric acid Ingabe i-acid yasekuqaleni, ebhekele ukunambitheka kwe-tart eLemons nasemaphethelweni. I-trisodium citrate dihydrate, njengoba saxoxa, yi- usawoti we-sodium we-citric acid ngama-molecule amabili amanzi anamathiselwe. ICitrate Anhydrous, noma I-trisodium citrate anhydrous, kuyafana usawoti we-sodium kepha ngaphandle kwama-molecule wamanzi. Igama "engenamanzi"Kusho" ngaphandle kwamanzi. "Ngakho-ke, I-trisodium citrate anhydrous inefomula chemikhali c₆H₅Ni nina₃O₇, ngenkathi I-trisodium citrate dihydrate has c₆H₅Ni nina₃O₇· 2h₂O.

Ngenxa yalo mehluko kokuqukethwe kwamanzi, Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo iwa- I-trisodium citrate dihydrate na- I-trisodium citrate anhydrous ingahluka kancane. Ngokwesibonelo, I-trisodium citrate dihydrate imvamisa kuvela mhlophe, ngaphandle kwephunga amakristalu e-granular noma a i-crystalline powder, ngenkathi engenamanzi Ifomu lingaba nezakhiwo ezihlukile zekristali noma ukugeleza. Zombili lezi zinhlobo incibilika emanzini, kepha izinga lokuchithwa lingahluka. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, kwesinye isikhathi ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamanzi kubalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ku izinhlanganisela ezomile, i engenamanzi Ifomu lingakhethwa ukugwema ukuqina ngenxa yomswakama. Ukuqonda ukuthi umkhiqizo usebenzisa i-dihydrate noma engenamanzi Ifomu libalulekile ekwakhiweni okuthile.

Yini ukhiye Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo iwa- I-trisodium citrate dihydrate?

I-trisodium citrate dihydrate kuvame ukutholakala njengomhlophe, ongenaphunga, i-crystalline powder noma njengoba amakristalu e-granular. Kunjalo incibilika emanzini, okusho ukuthi iyancibilika kalula. Le khasi inani le-PH yesisombululo se I-trisodium citrate i-alkaline kancane (eyisisekelo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usawoti wesisekelo esinamandla (i-sodium hydroxide) ne-acid elibuthakathaka (i-citric acid). I-Molar Mass yayo cishe i-294.10 g / mol. Le khasi i-dihydrate Ifomu liqukethe amanzi acishe abe ngu-12,3% ngesisindo.

Okubalulekile impahla yenyama ikhono layo chelate insimbi ion. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungabopha i-metal ion, njenge-calcium noma i-magnesium, okuvimbela ekuphenduleni nezinye izinto. Leli I-Equemetering Agent Impahla iyisihluthulelo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zayo. Isibonelo, kwezinye UCheeses ocutshunguliwe, I-trisodium citrate isiza ukubopha i-calcium, evumela ushizi ukuncibilika ngaphandle ukuhlukanisa. Le khasi ukugeleza we-powder nakho ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo ezilungiselelweni zezimboni. I-trisodium citrate futhi ine-a kancane usawoti futhi Njengoba kancane ukunambitheka kwe-tart, yize kungenjalo omuncu kakhulu njengoba i-citric acid.

Yini evamile Izicelo ekudleni na- Okokuphuza ingomane I-trisodium citrate?

I-trisodium citrate isetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Njenge- Umlawuli we-acidity, kuyasiza Lawula i-acidity futhi ulondoloze izinzile uhlobo phakathi kwa- ukudla nesiphuzo imikhiqizo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukunambitheka, ukuthungwa, kanye nokulondolozwa. Futhi isebenza njenge- intoulfifier, Ukusiza ukuxuba izithako ezingajwayelekile ukuhlanganisa kahle, njengamafutha namanzi. Yingakho ungakuthola UCheeses ocutshunguliwe, lapho kusiza khona ukudala ukuthungwa okubushelelezi, okungaguquki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-trisodium citrate Imisebenzi njenge okulondolozayo kwezinye ukudla nesiphuzo izinto ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwe-microbial. Ikhono layo chelate I-Metal Ion nayo yenza kube lusizo I-Equemetering Agent, ukuvimbela ukusabela okungafuneki kanye nokusuka ekudleni. Uvame ukuthola I-trisodium citrate phakathi kwa- Izicelo zokuphuza, ikakhulukazi Iziphuzo ze-Carbonated, lapho kusiza khona ukufaka i-acidity. Kungakhulisa futhi isithokela ekudleni okuthile futhi wenze njenge I-Ageffering Agent Ezinhlathini nasejellies. Ngoba kungukuthi usawoti we-sodium we-citric acid, kunomthelela emnene, ukunambitheka kwe-tart iphrofayili. Le khasi e Inombolo ingomane i-sodium citrate (kufaka phakathi I-trisodium citrate) I-E331.

Akhona Izibonelo zemithi equkethe i-trisodium citrate? Kungani Imithi equkethe i-trisodium citrate Kusetshenzisiwe?

Yebo, kukhona abaningana Izibonelo zemithi equkethe i-trisodium citrate. Ukusetshenziswa okukodwa okujwayelekile kusele emithini elapha i-metabolic uhlobo lwesihle, isimo lapho umzimba ukhiqiza khona i-acid eningi kakhulu. I-trisodium citrate Kuhlaselwe emzimbeni kuya eBicarbonate, okusiza ukungathathi hlangothi i-acid eyeqile. Ungathola Imithi equkethe i-trisodium citrate ebekelwe abantu abanezinkinga zezinso noma ezinye izimo eziholela uhlobo lwesihle.

Olunye uhlelo olubalulekile lunjenge i-anticoagulant. I-sodium citrate isetshenziswa kumashubhu wokuqoqa igazi ukuvikela igazi ekuhambeni. Isebenza ngo chelate-I-calcium ions, ebalulekile kwinqubo yokufaka igazi. Leli I-AntiCOagulation Impahla nayo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa igazi nasezilungiselelweni zelebhu. Uvame ukuthola imininingwane mayelana nalokhu kusetshenziswa kwizinsizakusebenza ezifana Izihloko zezidakamizwa Ishicilelwe ngu Ukuxhumana Kwama-Aptanstar (dave r). Lapho triethyl cirtrate isetshenziswa kwezingubo ezithile zemithi, I-trisodium citrate Inezicelo ezihlukile ezihlobene nekhono lazo lokungathathi hlangothi acid futhi uvikele ukugcwala. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngolwazi mayelana nemithi ethile.

Ngaphandle kokudla nomuthi, yini enye Izicelo zezimboni iwa- I-trisodium citrate?

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kwayo ngaphakathi ukudla nesiphuzo kanye nemithi, I-trisodium citrate ihlukahlukene Izicelo zezimboni. Ikhono layo chelate I-Metal Ion yenza kube lusizo kuma-detegents kanye nemikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Kungasiza ukuthambisa amanzi ngokubopha i-calcium kanye ne-magnesium ion, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinsikazi kanye nama-detergents.

I-trisodium citrate Iphinde isetshenziswe ezinqubweni zokuhlanza zensimbi kanye nezinsizakalo ze-electroplating. Kungasiza ekususeni isilinganiso nokugqwala kusuka ezinsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba kunjalo i-biodegradable futhi kubhekwe njengengane enobungane bemvelo, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukushintshwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi ngokwengeziwe Izicelo zezimboni. Imininingwane mayelana nalokhu kusetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi ingatholakala kuma-databases afana I-ChemidPlus kusuka ezikhungweni zikazwelonke zezempilo. Le khasi I-ejensi yamakhemikhali aseYurophu (Ukhethekile) Inikeza nedatha kwizakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwe I-trisodium citrate. Imvelo yaso engeyona inobuthi futhi Okugcwele Izakhiwo zikwenza kube yindlela ekhangayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efuna izixazululo ezizinzile.

Kanjani I-trisodium citrate Yenza njenge Ibhafa? Kungani lokhu kubalulekile?

I-trisodium citrate Izenzo njenge isigcinalwazi ngoba yi- usawoti ye-acid ebuthakathaka (i-citric acid) nesisekelo esinamandla (i-sodium hydroxide). A isigcinalwazi Isixazululo simelana nezinguquko ku- uhlobo lapho amanani amancane e-acid noma isisekelo angeziwe. Uma kwenzeka kuba I-trisodium citrate, kungasabela ngama-acid angeziwe kanye nezisekelo ukuze alondoloze okuzinzile uhlobo.

Leli I-Ageffering Agent Impahla ibalulekile kwizicelo eziningi. Ekudleni, kuyasiza ukugcina lokho okufunayo uhlobo lweningi, okuthinta ukunambitheka, ukuthungwa, kanye nokulondolozwa. Isibonelo, eJams nasejellies, kuyasiza ukuvimbela ukuba bangavuki kakhulu. Emikhakheni, ukulondolozela okuthile uhlobo kubalulekile ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwemithi. Nginjenge Izicelo zezimboni, njengezinqubo ezithile zamakhemikhali, zilawula uhlobo nge a isigcinalwazi thanda I-trisodium citrate kubalulekile ukuthola imiphumela efanele. Ikhono le ICitrate ne-citric acid Izixazululo zokwenza njengoba ama-buffers kuwumgomo oyisisekelo wamakhemikhali.

Ingabe kunomehluko phakathi I-trisodium citrate dihydrate nezinye Usawoti we-sodium ye-citric acid efana I-disedium citrate na- I-Monosodium citrate?

Yebo, kunomehluko phakathi I-trisodium citrate dihydrate nezinye usawoti we-sodium iwa- i-citric acid, njenge i-disedium citrate na- I-Monosodium citrate. Lo mehluko uqamba amanga ngenombolo ye i-sodium ama-ion anamathiselwe ku ICitorate Ig. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-citric acid inama-athomu amathathu a-acidic hydrogen.

• I-Monosodium citrate inayo eyodwa i-sodium ion ingena esikhundleni se-acidic hydrogen eyodwa.
• I-disedium citrate has amabili i-sodium I-Ions esikhundleni sama-hydrogens amabili acidic.
• I-trisodium citrate ine ezintathu i-sodium I-Ions esikhundleni sawo wonke ama-hydrogens amathathu acidic.

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo kuthinta kwazo uhlobo ngesixazululo. I-Monosodium citrate izixazululo zizoba nge-acid more ukwedlula i-disedium citrate, okuzoba yi-acidic more ukwedlula I-trisodium citrate. Ngenxa yalokho, abo okuphambene Amakhono kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi bobathathu bengasebenza njenge Amarepula we-acidity, I-trisodium citrate ngokuvamile isetshenziswa lapho i-acidic encane noma kancane i-alkali uhlobo uyafiswa. Imininingwane kulawa mahluko kwesinye isikhathi ingatholakala kwizisetshenziswa ezinjenge Ukudla amakhemikhali i-codex noma I-European pharmacopoeia. Lezi Ama-sodium amathathu usawoti we-citric I-acid ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo okuthile ngokuya ngezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ozifunayo.

Iyini indima ye I-trisodium citrate Qhathanisa namanye amasawoti afana Sodium chloride?

Ngenkathi bobabili I-trisodium citrate na- i-sodium chloride (usawoti) kukhona usawoti we-sodium, Izindima zabo nezakhiwo zihluke kakhulu. I-sodium chloride ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi njenge-ejenti yokunambitha futhi okulondolozayo ekudleni. Ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yoketshezi emzimbeni.

I-trisodium citrate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unobubanzi obubanzi bemisebenzi. Njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho, isebenza njenge- Umlawuli we-acidity, intoulfifier, I-Equemetering Agent, futhi isigcinalwazi. -Ngafani na- i-sodium chloride, akunikeli kakhulu kusawoti wokudla. Emzimbeni, ngenkathi i-sodium ukusuka I-trisodium citrate kunomthelela ebeleni le-electrolyte, iqhaza layo eliyinhloko le-metabolic lihlobene ne citarate Ingxenye, ehilelekile ekukhiqizeni kwamandla futhi ingasiza ekunciphiseni i-acid. Ezilungiselelweni zezokwelapha, i-sodium citrate isetshenziswa njenge i-anticoagulant, impahla engabiwe ngayo i-sodium chloride. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi zombili ziqukethe i-sodium, Ukuziphatha kwabo kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zihlukile. Noma ngabe ngosawoti bobabili, izinhlaka zazo zamakhemikhali zibeka ukusebenza okuhluke kakhulu.

Singakutholaphi imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nokuphepha kwe I-trisodium citrate, Njengokusuka Jungbunzlauerer noma imizimba yokulawula?

Imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nokuphepha kwe I-trisodium citrate ingatholakala emithonjeni eminingana. Jungbunzlauerer, umenzi omkhulu we i-citric acid kanye usawoti we-citrate, inikezela ngemininingwane yemikhiqizo enemininingwane, kufaka phakathi amashidi wedatha yokuphepha, evikela izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuphatha izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Imizimba yokulawula efana ne Ukudla nokudla kwezidakamizwa (uhlobo lwe-fda) e-United States kanye Isiphathimandla Sokuphepha KwaseYurophu (Efsa) ahlinzeke ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezithasiselo zokudla ezinjengalezi i-sodium citrate. Le khasi I-FDA's Scogs Database (ukubhekisela Inombolo yokubika yeScogs) Kuqukethe ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezinto "ngokuvamile ibonwa njengephephile"(Kabanzi), okubandakanya i-sodium citrate. Le khasi I-ejensi yamakhemikhali aseYurophu (Ukhethekile) Futhi ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ngokuphepha nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali. Le khasi Ukudla amakhemikhali i-codex (i-codex) kungenye insiza ebalulekile, ukusetha amazinga wobunikazi nobumsulwa bezithako zokudla. Lezi zinhlangano zihlola ngokoqobo ubufakazi besayensi ukuthola ukuphepha kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ekudleni neminye imikhiqizo. Ungathola futhi imininingwane ezincwadini zesayensi kanye nemininingwane yolwazi efana nelabhulali kazwelonke yezokwelapha. Khumbula ukuthi ubhekane njalo nemithombo ehlonishwayo yolwazi olunembile nolusesikhathini.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule nge-trisodium citrate dihydrate:

• I-trisodium citrate dihydrate yi- usawoti we-trisodium iwa- i-citric acid ngama-molecule amabili amanzi.
• Isebenza njenge- Umlawuli we-acidity, intoulfifier, I-Equemetering Agent, futhi isigcinalwazi ekudleni nasekuphuzeni.
• Imithi equkethe i-trisodium citrate zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-metabolic uhlobo lwesihle futhi njenge- i-anticoagulant.
• Inokuhlukahlukahlukana Izicelo zezimboni, kufaka phakathi kokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza insimbi.
• Igama "engenamanzi"Kusho ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngakho-ke I-trisodium citrate anhydrous ayinawo ama-molecule amabili amanzi e i-dihydrate ifomu.
• I-trisodium citrate ihlukile kokunye usawoti we-sodium iwa- i-citric acid (I-Monosodium citrate, i-disedium citrate) ngenombolo ye i-sodium ion.
• Imininingwane ethembekile mayelana nokuphepha kwayo ingatholakala kubakhiqizi bafana Jungbunzlauerer kanye nemizimba yokulawula efana ne Uhlobo lwe-fda.

-Zwayo I-trisodium citrate dihydrate Futhi izindima zalo ezahlukahlukene zisiza ukuba siqonde isayensi ngemuva kwemikhiqizo eminingi esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke. Njengokuqonda indima ye phosphate ekudleni, ukwazi ngayo i-sodium citrate kungakunika amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ungahle ube nentshisekelo endleleni enye usawoti we-sodium thanda I-sodium acetate ziyasetshenziswa, noma izakhiwo zama-acid ahlobene afana I-citric acid uqobo. Ngisho namakhompiyutha alula afana Sodium chloride Dlala izindima ezibalulekile kuzicelo ezahlukahlukene.