I-Potassium yakha: Usawoti onamandla onamandla anamandla okufaka izicelo zesimanje zezimboni

Emhlabeni omkhulu wamakhemikhali wezimboni, ezinye izinhlanganisela zisebenza buthule ngemuva, zenza imisebenzi ebucayi ngaphandle kokuqashelwa okusabalele. Kwakha i-potassium yiqhawe elilodwa le-unsung. Le migomo eyingqayizivele usawoti Inayo inhlanganisela emangalisayo yezakhiwo-kufaka phakathi okumangalisayo ubuhlakaniselo, umthelela ophansi kwezemvelo, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu - okwenza kube yithuluzi elisemqoka kulo lonke uhla lokufunwa Izicelo zezimboni. Kusuka ekujuleni kwamafutha kahle ebusweni besikhumulo sezindiza eqandisiwe umzila wezindiza, le nhlanganisela eguquguqukayo iletha izixazululo ezisebenzayo futhi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Lo mbhalo uzohlola isayensi ngemuva kwakha i-potassium, donsela ekusebenziseni kwayo okukhulu, bese uchaza ukuthi kungani lokhu kunamandla usawoti iba yinketho ekhethwayo embonini yanamuhla.

Yini ngempela i-potassium yakha usawoti?

Ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo kakhulu, kwakha i-potassium yi-potassium usawoti we-acid. Ifomula yayo yamakhemikhali yi-HCOOK noma i-ChKO₂. Kuyinto e-organic usawoti, okuhlukanisa nosawoti we-inlorganic njenge-sodium i-chloride. Le mvelo ye-organic yisizathu esibalulekile sezinto eziningi ezinenzuzo, ikakhulukazi i-biodegrade yayo. Ngefomu layo eliqinile, kuyinto emhlophe, eyi-crystalline eyi-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi idonsa kalula umswakama ovela emoyeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwe kwakha i-potassium imvamisa kubandakanya ukuphendula i-potassium hydroxide noma i-potassium carbonate ne- i-acid ekhethiweyo. I-Compound Everacting iyinzilo futhi ilusizo kakhulu I-Chemical Compound.

Amandla eqiniso we kwakha i-potassium ivuliwe lapho ichithwa emanzini. Kungcono kakhulu nyakazela, ukuvumela ukudalwa kobuningi obuphezulu Isixazululo Esinamanzi imikhiqizo. Lezi zixazululo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi kwakha i-potassium Ama-Brines, acacile, angenambala anemibala, futhi anokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Ngokungafani namanye ama-brines amaningi, a I-Potassium yakha isixazululo ayinazo ubuthi futhi i-bioderlodebreable, okwenza kube ukukhetha okukhangayo kwezimboni ezigxile ekusimeni futhi Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo.

Lokhu kulula kodwa kuyasebenza I-Chemical Compound Inesethi eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ikhono layo lokunciphisa kakhulu uJehova Iphoyinti le-FreeZing amanzi, amahle awo ukuqina okushisayo, namandla awo ukwakha obukhulu into engamanzi Ngaphandle kwama-solids amisiwe yilokho okwenza kube yigugu kanjalo. Lezi zici ziyisisekelo sezindima zalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ku imboni yamafutha negesi, ukujezisa, futhi Ukudlulisa ukushisa izinhlelo.

Yini eyenza i-solubility ye-potassium yakha ekhetheke kangaka?

Isici sokusukuma kwe kwakha i-potassium kuhlukile ubuhlakaniselo emanzini. Ngenkathi usawoti omningi nyakazela, kwakha i-potassium kuyise kwelinye izinga. Ikona ukuncibilika kakhulu emanzini, ekwazi ukwakha izixazululo ngokugxila kuze kube ngu-75% ngesisindo ekushiseni kwegumbi. Leli I-Solubity ephezulu ngumdlalo-umguquki ngoba uvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi badale a into engamanzi ngobuningi obuphakeme kakhulu kanye nophansi kakhulu Iphoyinti le-FreeZing, konke ngaphandle kokudinga ukumisa izinhlayiya eziqinile.

Leli khono ukuveza ubuningi obuphezulu-, kucace i-brine kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwabaningi Izicelo zezimboni, esindayo into engamanzi Kuyadingeka ukulawula ingcindezi, kepha ama-solids amisiwe angadala ukulimala kwemishini noma ekwakhiweni. Kwakha i-potassium Ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokwandisa ubukhulu bamanzi ngokuqothula. Umphumela I-Potassium yakha isixazululo Isixazululo sangempela, okusho ukuthi umfaniswano ngokuphelele futhi uzinzile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okumangalisayo ubuhlakaniselo ixhumene ngqo nokusebenza kwayo njenge- Ukujezisa i-ejenti kanye a ukufudumeza kokudlulisa. Okugxilwe kakhulu I-Potassium yakha isixazululo kungaba a a Iphoyinti le-FreeZing ephansi njengo-° CE (--76 ° F). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungancibilika ngempumelelo iqhwa futhi vimbela iqhwa ukwakheka ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Ingomane Ukudlulisa ukushisa Izicelo, lokhu kuphansi Iphoyinti le-FreeZing Ivumela amasistimu wokupholisa ukuthi asebenze ngokuphephile emazingeni okushisa aphansi we-zero, ahlinzeke ngezinga lokusebenza amanye amanzi amaningi angenakulingana.

Ngabe i-potassium yakha kanjani esetshenziswa embonini kawoyela negesi?

Endaweni efunwayo ye imboni yamafutha negesi, kwakha i-potassium ukhiphe indima ebalulekile njengesisekelo sokusebenza okuphezulu kwe uketshezi lokushayela kanye nokuqeda uketshezi. A uketshezi lokushayela, eyaziwa nangokuthi udaka lokumba, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kokumba. Kuyaphola futhi kuthambisa i-drill bit, kuthwala ukusika i-rock kubheke ebusweni, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ngengcindezi ye-hydrostatic ukuvikela ama-blowaut ekwakhiweni okufuhlo okuphezulu.

Le khasi Ukusetshenziswa kwe-potassium kwakheka phakathi ku uhlelo lwe-driving fluid inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile. A potassium kwakha brine Ingabe i-solids-free, ephezulu-density into engamanzi. Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa kwengcindezi okuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sabasebenza izinsimbi ezifana nesifunda, esingalimaza i-reservoir ekhiqiza uwoyela. Ekwakhekeni ihhashi futhi ihlinzeka Ukuvinjwa okuqinile ngokumelene nokuvuvukala kwama-shale. Lapho ushayela ekwakhekeni kwe-shale ebucayi kwamanzi, uketshezi lwendabuko olususelwa emanzini lungenza i-shale ukuthi idonsele amanzi nokudumba, okungahlehlisa umthombo Wellbore. Le khasi kwakha i-potassium-Ised into engamanzi kuvimbela lokhu, okuholela ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kakhudlwana Umsebenzi wokumba.

Lezi zakhiwo zifaka isandla kangcono Ukuvikelwa kwe-Reservoir. Ngoba kwakha i-potassium into engamanzi Ingabe i-solids-free futhi ayilimazi, kuyasiza ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kusuka emthonjeni uma ukumba kuqediwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yiyo Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo Iphrofayili iyinzuzo enkulu. Njenge-biodegradable and non-tocic okufakiwe, kwakha i-potassium imelela ukukhetha okunomthwalo wemvelo okwengeziwe ngokuqhathaniswa nendabuko i-chloride-I-Brines -BASED, engangcolisa inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Kungani i-potassium yakha i-ejenti yokuphambuka ephakeme yemigwaqo?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokugcina Izikhumulo sezikhumulo sezindiza Futhi amabhuloho aphephile ebusika, akubona bonke abazicenyi abadalwe abalingana. Ngenkathi usawoti ojwayelekile ufana i-sodium chloride Ziyasebenza ekuncibilikiseni iqhwa, nazo zizola kakhulu izinsimbi futhi zilimaza imvelo. Yilapho kwakha i-potassium kukhanya njengeprimiyamu Ukujezisa i-ejenti. Kuyithuluzi elinamandla elisetshenziselwa de-ice Ingqalasizinda Ebucayi Ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele.

Inzuzo enkulu ye kwakha i-potassium phakathi kwa- ukujezisa Inhlanganisela yayo yokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nomthelela ophansi wezemvelo. Isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kunabanye abazinyani abaningi futhi iyasebenza emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ngoba yehlisa kakhulu i Iphoyinti lamanzi, akugcini nje ngokuncibilika kweqhwa okukhona kepha futhi kuvimbela okusha ukwakheka kwe-ice isikhathi eside. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi ephephile esikhumulweni sezindiza umzila wezindiza, lapho ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa akwamukeleki.

Kakhulu, kwakha i-potassium kuncipha kakhulu kunokuthi i-chloride-I-usawoti ohleliwe. Lesi yisici esibalulekile sendiza, ngoba sinciphisa ukulimala kwezinto ezibucayi zezindiza, ukufika kwegiya, kanye nengqalasizinda yezindiza. I-biodegrade yayo kusho ukuthi ihlukana ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela eziyingozi njenge i-chloride ion. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezindawo ezibucayi emvelweni, kusiza ukuvikela imvelo yasendaweni ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha komphakathi. Ukukhetha ukuze Sebenzisa i-potassium yakheka kungukukhetha kokusebenza kanye nokuzibophezela.

Ngabe i-potassium isetshenziswe njengoketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa?

Impela. Izakhiwo ezifanayo ezenzayo kwakha i-potassium Isijeziso esihle kakhulu futhi sikwenza kube yi-superb ukufudumeza kokudlulisa, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisiqandisi sesibili noma esipholile. Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu Izinhlelo Zokupholisa, njengalezo ezitholakala ezitolo ezinkulu, izitshalo zokudla, nezindawo zezimboni, a ukufudumeza kokudlulisa ijikeleza ukuhambisa amandla ashisayo ukusuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye.

A I-Potassium yakha isixazululo kuyinto ekahle ukufudumeza kokudlulisa ngezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, kuphansi kakhulu Iphoyinti le-FreeZing Ivumela amasistimu asebenze ngokuphepha nangendlela efanelekile emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-0 ° C (32 ° F). Okwesibili, ihle kakhulu Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo kanye ne-viscositi ephansi ngokuqhathaniswa noketshezi olususelwa ku-glycol, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungadlulisa ukushisa Ngokuphumelelayo futhi kudinga amandla okupompa okuncane, okuholela ekugcinweni kwezindleko ezibalulekile zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakha i-potassium inikeza inzuzo enkulu maqondana nomthelela wezokuphepha kanye nomthelela wezemvelo. Akunakuvutha, okungelona ubuthi, kanye ne-biodebradable. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa kakhulu nesiqandisini sendabuko kanye namapholi anobuthi anobuthi noma abungozi emvelweni. Okuphansi ukugqwala Iphrofayili ye kwakha i-potassium Futhi inwebisa isikhathi sokuphila samapayipi, amaphampu, nezinye izinto zohlelo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula. Njengoba izimboni zifuna izixazululo ezizinzile nezisebenzayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe kwakha i-potassium njenge- ukufudumeza kokudlulisa kukhula ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezibalulekile zezimboni ze-potassium ezakha?

Le khasi Izakhiwo Ezihlukile iwa- kwakha i-potassium uholele ekutholeni kwawo ngaphesheya Izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka kwayo njengokuqina okuphezulu i-brine, i-deicer ephumelelayo, futhi okupholile okusebenzayo kusho ukuthi ixazulula izinkinga ezimeni eziningi ezahlukahlukene.

Nasi isifinyezo esikhulu sayo Izicelo zezimboni:

• Umkhakha wamafutha negesi: Njengengxenye eyinhloko ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, okunobungane kwemvelo Ukushayela nokuqeda uketshezi ukwakheka. Le khasi I-Drilling System System nge Potassium Yakha ikwaziswa nge-Evition yayo ye-shale futhi Ukuvikelwa kwe-Reservoir amakhono.
• Ukujezisa: Njengeprimiyamu, iphansi-cormonion Ukujezisa i-ejenti ingomane Izikhumulo sezikhumulo sezindiza, Taxiways, amabhuloho, nezinye izingqalasizinda ezibucayi. Ikhono layo de-ice Ngokushesha futhi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu kuwusizo olukhulu.
• Ukudlulisa Okushisayo: Njengesiqandisi sesibili noma ukufudumeza kokudlulisa kwezimboni nakwezentengiso Izinhlelo Zokupholisa. Ukusebenza kwayo, ukuphepha kwayo, kanye nomthelela wezemvelo ophansi kwenza kube ngenye indlela ephakeme yama-glycols.
• Umanyolo: Kwakha i-potassium ingasetshenziswa njengoketshezi Umanyolo we-potassium. Inikeza izitshalo nge-potassium, umsoco obalulekile, ngendlela etholakala kalula, engenayo ye-chloride. Lokhu kuzuzisa ikakhulukazi izilimo ezizwela i-chloride.
• Ukukhiqiza i-Potassium Metal: Le khasi Ikhemikhali lamakhemikhali ekukhiqizweni yensimbi ye-potassium ifaka i-electrolysis ye-molten potassium hydroxide. Kwakha i-potassium ingasetshenziswa ngezinqubo ezihlobene embonini yamakhemikhali.
• Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza: Iphinde ithole i-niche isebenzisa njengokunciphisa umenzeli ekuphendukeni okuthile, ngesikhumba sesikhumba, kanye nengxenye emishinini yokucisha umlilo.

Uhla olubanzi lwe Izicelo ze-potassium zakha ikhombisa inani layo njengomuntu onamandla futhi ovumelana nezimo I-Chemical Compound.

Ngabe i-potassium yakha kanjani isandla ekuvikelweni kwemvelo?

Ingqikithi ephindaphindwayo empumelelweni ye kwakha i-potassium umnikelo wayo omuhle ku Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo. Esikhathini lapho ukusimama kubaluleke kakhulu, kwakha i-potassium inikezela ngenye indlela eluhlaza emakhemikhali amaningi endabuko, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisuselwa i-chloride. Iphrofayili yayo enobungane ingenye yabashayeli abaphambili bokutholwa kwayo okwandayo ngaphakathi Izicelo eziningi zezimboni.

Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yemvelo yi-biodegracating yayo. Lapho a I-Potassium yakha isixazululo Kukhululwa emvelweni, ama-microorganisms awephule emanzini, isikhutha, nama-potassium ion. Le nqubo yokuwohloka kwemvelo ivimbela ukuqoqwa kwesikhathi eside kwezinto eziyingozi enhlabathini nasemanzini. Lokhu kuphambene nokuqina i-sodium chloride noma i-calcium chloride, owethula okuphikelelayo i-chloride ama-ion angalimaza impilo yezitshalo kanye nemvelo yasemanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthi bayo obuphansi buyithuba elikhulu. Kubhekwa njengephephile ekusingatheni futhi unomthelela ophansi empilweni yasemanzini, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwayo njenge-deicer lapho ama-ruce emigwaqweni eseduze. Okuphansi ukugqwala Ukukala kwe kwakha i-potassium futhi inenzuzo engaqondile yemvelo. Ngokugcina ubuqotho bamapayipi, izimoto, nezindiza, kunciphisa isidingo sezingxenye ezibuyiselwe esikhundleni kanye nomthelela wonyawo ohambisana nokuhambisa, okufaka isikhathi eside isikhathi eside, ngokuzinza kakhulu kwemishini yokuphila okubucayi.

Yini ehilelekile ekusebenzeni kokumba nge-potassium yakha?

Ukugoqa kujule endimeni yayo ku- Amafutha negesi umkhakha, usebenzisa a kwakha i-potassium-Ised uketshezi lokushayela kubandakanya indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokwakhiwa kahle. Lapho uhlela Ukushayela nokuqeda imisebenzi, onjiniyela baklama uketshezi lokushayela ukuhlangabezana nezinselelo ezithile zokwakheka komhlaba. A potassium kwakha brine Imvamisa ekhethwa i-Deep, Phezulu / Impesheni (HPHT) Wells lapho ukuqina kwe-Wellbore kubalulekile.

Inqubo iqala ngokuxubha okuhlanganisiwe I-Potassium yakha isixazululo kubunzima obuhle. Leli into engamanzi Ngemuva kwalokho wasakazwa phansi intambo ye-drill bese ubeka u-annulus. Njengoba ijikeleza, I-Potassium yakha ama-Wordes Imisebenzi eminingana: Inikeza ingcindezi edingekayo yokulawula umthombo, yakheka untwana Vimbela i-Shale ekuvuleni nasekushisweni, futhi imvelo yayo engenawo-solids-free ivimbela ukuvalwa kwama-pores we-reservoir. Lo mqondo waziwa ngokuthi Ukuvikelwa kwe-Reservoir, futhi kubalulekile ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wenhle.

Le khasi ukufaneleka okuhle iwa- kwakha i-potassium nezinye izithasiselo zokumba zivumela ukuze zenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu into engamanzi uhlelo. Onjiniyela bangakwazi ukwenza kahle izakhiwo ze-fluid zokubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinselelo ezihlangabezana nazo phakathi Umsebenzi wokumba. Le khasi ukuqina okushisayo ye kwakha i-potassium molecule uqinisekisa ukuthi into engamanzi Igcina izakhiwo zayo ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu atholakele ngaphansi komhlaba. Lezi Izinzuzo Ezivelele Kwenze kube ukukhetha kweprimiyamu okunzima nokufunayo ukugqonyana ouli amaphrojekthi.

Ngabe i-potassium yaqala kanjani ukuqhathanisa namanye amasawoti?

Ukwazisa ngokuphelele Izinzuzo ze-potassium zakha, Kuyasiza ukukuqhathanisa ngqo namanye amasawoti ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa izinhloso ezifanayo. Sisinye usawoti Inephrofayili ehlukile ngokuya ngokusebenza, izindleko, kanye nomthelela wezemvelo.

Njengoba itafula libonisa, kwakha i-potassium na- i-potassium acetate nikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ngokuya ngokusebenza okushisa okuphansi okuphansi kanye okuphansi ukugqwala. Ngenkathi usawoti wendabuko uthanda i-sodium chloride Bashibhile, beza nezingqinamba ezibalulekile ngokuya ngesimo sabo sokulimazelwa kanye nokulimala kwemvelo. I-Potassium Eyakhekayo inezinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuvinjwa okuqinile yokugqwala nokuqina okuhle kwe-biodegradeability. Ngezicelo lapho zisebenza khona futhi Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo yizinto eziza kuqala phambili, Kusetshenziswa i-potassium esetshenzisiwe Njengokukhetha okuphakeme, naphezu kwezindleko zayo zokuqala eziphakeme.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okuzayo kwe-potassium esingakubona?

Ikusasa le kwakha i-potassium Kubukeka kukhanya njengoba izimboni ziyaqhubeka nokufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuqhubekayo kwezixazululo zamakhemikhali. Ngenkathi izimakethe zalo zamanje ngaphakathi Amafutha negesi, ukujezisa, futhi Ukudlulisa ukushisa ziqinile, zintsha Izicelo ze-potassium zakha asezingeni eliphakeme. Le khasi Izakhiwo Ezihlukile yalokhu I-Chemical Compound Vula iminyango ukuze wenze izinto ezintsha emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Indawo eyodwa ethembisayo iyisitoreji samandla. Abaphenyi bahlola ukusetshenziswa koketshezi esekwe ekwakheni, kufaka phakathi kwakha i-potassium, njengoba kungaba khona abathwali be-organic hydrogen (ama-Lohcs) noma njengezakhi ezibhekisheni ezilandelayo zesizukulwane namaseli kaphethiloli. Ukuqina kwayo kanye nekhono lokubamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kwenze kube ngumuntu okhokhelwayo wobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza obuluhlaza.

Ezolimo, isidingo somanyolo ongenama-chloride siyakhula. Njengomthombo we-potassium ebalulekile ngaphandle kwengozi i-chloride, kwakha i-potassium wabona ukusetshenziswa okunwetshiwe njengoketshezi olukhethekile Umanyolo we-potassium ngenani eliphakeme nezilimo ezibucayi ngosawoti. Njengoba imithethonqubo iqinisa futhi i-push for greener chemistry iqina, Izinzuzo zokuvinjwa okuqinile kokugqwala nokulimala kwemvelo kwakha i-potassium Izipesheli kungenzeka ziholele ekutholeni kwalo ngokwengeziwe Izicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lokhu kuthobekile usawoti ibekelwe kahle ukuba ngumdlali osemqoka kumakhemikhali aqhubekayo wekusasa.

Ukubekezelela okusemqoka ukukhumbula

• Kwakha i-potassium iyi-organic ye-biodegradable usawoti iwa- i-acid ekhethiweyo, owaziwa ngokuphakeme kakhulu ubuhlakaniselo emanzini.
• Kuyinto-tier ephezulu uketshezi lokushayela isisekelo ku imboni yamafutha negesi, enikeza ukuvimbela okuhle shale kanye Ukuvikelwa kwe-Reservoir.
• Njenge- Ukujezisa i-ejenti, isebenza kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi, awonakalo, futhi enobungani bemvelo, okwenza kube kuhle Izikhumulo sezikhumulo sezindiza.
• Kuphansi Iphoyinti le-FreeZing kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezishisayo zikwenza kube ziphakeme ukufudumeza kokudlulisa kwezimboni Izinhlelo Zokupholisa.
• Qhathanisa nendabuko i-chloride Usawoti, kwakha i-potassium inikeza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu ngokuya ukugqwala na- Ukuvikelwa Kwezemvelo.
• Ukusebenza kwayo okuhlukahlukene kanye nephrofayili eluhlaza kushayela ukutholwa kwayo ngenani elikhulayo le Izicelo zezimboni.