Kh2po4 vs. k2hpo4: Ukuqonda umehluko osemqoka kuma-phosphate buffers

Le ndatshana ichaza umehluko phakathi kwe-KH2PO4 (Potassium Dihydrogen phosphate) ne-K2HPO4 (Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate), izingxenye ezimbili ezijwayelekile ze-phosphate buffer solutions. Sizokwelulela ezakhiweni zazo zamakhemikhali, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani kuma-buffers, nokuthi ungazikhetha kanjani okulungile ngezidingo zakho ezithile. Noma ngabe ungumcwaningi onamava noma uqalise nje elebhu, ukuqonda la mahlukaniso kubalulekile ukuthola imiphumela efanele yokuhlola. Lokhu yi Kufanele ufunde Noma ngubani osebenza ngezixazululo ze-Buffer ku-Biology, Chemistry, noma imikhakha ehlobene.

Yini i-phosphate buffer? Ukuchazwa

A isigcinalwazi Isixazululo iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhlolweni okuningi kwesayensi. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukumelana nezinguquko ku- uhlobo Lapho amanani amancane -muncu noma isisekelo kukhona -lingene. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ukusabela okuningi kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi labo abasezinhlelweni zemvelo, bazwela kakhulu izinguquko ze-PH.

I-phosphate buffers, ikakhulukazi, kusetshenziswa kabanzi ngoba angakwazi isigcinalwazi Ngaphezulu kwamanani we-PH futhi uyahambisana nezinhlelo eziningi zemvelo. Zenziwa zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze umbalelano, i-molecule equkethe i-phosphorus nomoya-mpilo. Okujwayelekile i-phosphate buffer amadla qukethe ingxube ye Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) kanye K2hpo4 (i-potassium i-hydrogen phosphate). Isilinganiso esithile salezi zinto ezimbili sinquma owokugcina uhlobo ye isigcinalwazi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-KH2PO4 ne-K2HPO4?

Ukhiye umahluko ngaphakathi Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 amanga ngenombolo ye i-hydrogen (H) ama-athomu bona qukethe.

• Kh2po4 (Potassium dihydrogen phosphate): Le company yaziwa nangokuthi i-monobasic i-potassium phosphate. Inababili i-hydrogen ama-athomu. Lapho ichithwa emanzini, isebenza njengebuthakathaka -muncu, ukunikela proton (H +) ku isixazululo.

• K2hpo4 (Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Le mpikiswano yaziwa nangokuthi dibasic i-potassium phosphate. Inenye kuphela i-hydrogen i-athomu. Lapho ichithwa emanzini, isebenza njengesisekelo esibuthakathaka, yamukela i-proton (H +) kusuka ku isixazululo.

Lo mehluko obonakala umncane ohlelweni lwamakhemikhali uholela ekweremulweni okukhulu ekuziphatheni kwabo kusixazululo. Kh2po4 kunomthelela kwizakhiwo ze-acidic ze isigcinalwazi, ngenkathi K2hpo4 inikela kokuyisisekelo (noma uhlobo lwenkani) Izakhiwo.

I-Kh2PO4 ne-K2HPO4 basebenza kanjani ndawonye kwikhambi le-buffer?

Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 Sebenza ndawonye njenge-conjugate acid-base pair ukuze wakhe a i-phosphate buffer. Ukuphendula okulinganayo kungavezwa kanjena:

H2PO4- (AQ) + H2O (L) ⇌ HPO42- (AQ) + H3O + (AQ)

• Kh2po4 ihlinzeka nge-H2PO4- (i-dihydrogen phosphate) ion.
• K2hpo4 Inikeza i-HPO42- (i-hydrogen phosphate) ion.

Lapho inani elincane le -muncu (H +) -lingene ku isigcinalwazi, ama-HPO42- ā asabela na -muncu, eshintsha ukulingana ngakwesobunxele futhi unciphise ushintsho ngaphakathi uhlobo. Lapho inani elincane lesisekelo (oh-) -lingene, i-H2PO44Ion iphendula ngesisekelo, iguqula ukulingana ngakwesokunene futhi iphinde ikhulise ushintsho ku uhlobo. Leli khono ukumelana nezinguquko ze-PH yikho okwenza a isigcinalwazi Iwusizo kangaka. Isilinganiso sizokwenza enezelela ukusebenza.

Ungasilungiselela kanjani isixazululo se-phosphate buffer nge-KH2PO4 ne-K2HPO4?

Kwa- lungiselela a i-phosphate buffer Isixazululo, uzodinga:

1. Kh2po4 (i-potassium dihydrogen phosphate)
2. K2hpo4 (i-potassium i-hydrogen phosphate)
3. Amanzi Ahlanganisiwe
4. Imitha ye-PH
5. Ama-Beakers nemishini evusa amadlingozi

Nansi inqubo ejwayelekile (njalo uthintana okuthile umthetho olandelisayo OKUFANELEKILE WAKHO uhlobo na- ukuqoqana):

1. Nquma i-PH oyifunayo kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-buffer yakho. Isibonelo, ungahle ufune i-0.1m i-phosphate buffer kwaPh 7.2.

2. Bala inani le-KH2PO4 ne-K2HPO4 elidingekayo. Ungasebenzisa iHenderson-Hasselbalch ukulinganisa noma online isigcinalwazi Ama-Calculator ukuthola okulungile umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbili kwalezi zinto ezimbili. I-Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation yile:
   ph = PKA + LOG ([HPO42 -] / [h2po4-])
   Lapho i-PKA ihlobene njalo ne umbalelano I-Ion (cishe 7.2 ngokuhlukaniswa kwesibili kwe-phosphoric -muncu).

3. Bala ama-moles we-kh2po4 ne-k2hpo4 ku-buffer, khona-ke enezelela Isisindo esihle se-molar futhi esizokutshela ukuthi amagremu amangaki okufanele wengeze ku- Isixazululo.

4. Chaza inqwaba yabalwa Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 ngevolumu yamanzi ancishisiwe angaphansi kancane kunomfazi wakho wokugcina ukuvimbanisa. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ilitha eli-1 le isigcinalwazi, qala cishe ngo-800 mbumbulu kwamanzi.

5. Govuza ikhambi kuze kube yilapho usawoti uchithwa ngokuphelele.

6. Sebenzisa imitha ye-PH ukukala i-PH yesisombululo.

7. Uma kunesidingo, lungisa i-PH ngokungeza amanani amancane wesisombululo esihlanganisiwe se-KH2PO4 (ukwehlisa i-PH) noma i-K2HPO4 (ukukhulisa i-PH).

8. Lapho nje i-ph efiselekayo efinyelelwa, engeza amanzi afakwe emanzini ukuletha ikhambi levolumu yokugcina oyifunayo.

Yini uhla lwe-PH lwe-buffer ye-phosphate?

I-phosphate buffers zisebenza kakhulu ku uhlobo ububanzi obucishe babe ngu-6.0 kuya ku-8.0. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-PKA ye i-hydrogen phosphate/ dihydrogen umbalelano Ukulingana kuzungeze 7.2. Le khasi umthamo wokuhlasela kuphakeme kakhulu lapho uhlobo isondele ngenani le-PKA. Yize kusebenza kakhulu eduze kwe-7.2 kungakwazi isigcinalwazi Ezinhlangeni zamanani, kufaka phakathi kancane uhlobo lwenkani 7.4.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okusebenzayo isigcinalwazi ibanga linganwetshwa kancane ngokuya ngokubekezelela okwamukelekayo uhlobo shintsha kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile. A i-phosphate buffer ingahle inikeze ezinye okuphambene Amandla ngaphandle kwaleli banzi, kepha azosebenza kangako ekulweni uhlobo izinguquko. Le khasi i-phosphate buffer Ibanga lilungele izinhlelo eziningi zebhayoloji.

Ngikukhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-KH2PO4 ne-K2HPO4 yokuhlola kwami?

Ukukhetha phakathi kokusebenzisa Kh2po4 noma K2hpo4 yedwa, noma ngokuhlanganiswa, kuncike ngokuphelele kwisifiso uhlobo yakho isixazululo.

• Uma udinga i-acidic isixazululo, uzosebenzisa ngokuyinhloko Kh2po4.
• Uma udinga okuyisisekelo noma uhlobo lwenkani isixazululo, uzosebenzisa ngokuyinhloko K2hpo4.
• Uma udinga ukungathathi hlangothi noma eduze uhlobo, uzodinga ukusebenzisa a xuba kokubili Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 ukudala a isigcinalwazi. Ngqo umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbili kwalezi ezimbili kuzoncika kokuthile uhlobo uzama ukufeza.

Kuyaqabukela ukusebenzisa eyodwa kuphela yalezi zinhlanganisela esimweni sokucwaninga. Kaningi, uhlose ukudala a isigcinalwazi Isixazululo sokuqinisa i uhlobo kokuphendula noma isixazululo.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) ukwenza i-phosphate buffer?

Yebo, ungasebenzisa I-phosphoric acid (H3po4) ukuze lungiselela a i-phosphate buffer. Noma kunjalo, I-phosphoric acid i-triprotic -muncu, okusho ukuthi inama-athomu amathathu ama-hydrogen amathathu. Lokhu kuholela ezitebhisini ezintathu ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukaniswa, ngalinye linenani layo le-PKA:

1. H3PO4 ⇌ H + + H2PO4- (PKA1 ≈ 2.15)
2. H2PO4- ⇌ H + + T + HPO42- (PKA2 ≈ 7.20)
3. HPO42- ⇌ H + + PO43- (PKA3 ≈ 12.35)

Ukwenza a isigcinalwazi ukusebenzisa H3po4, ngokujwayelekile ubuyobe enezelela isisekelo esinamandla, njenge Insabekayo (I-Potassium Hydroxide) noma i-sodium I-Hydroxide (Naoh), ukuzondla ngokwengxenye -muncu futhi wakhe owufunayo umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbili iwa- umbalelano izinhlobo. Isibonelo, ukudala a isigcinalwazi ngokujiya uhlobo 7, uzokwazi enezelela Isisekelo esanele sokufinyelela isinyathelo sesibili sokuphahlazeka, ukudala ingxube ye-H2PO4- ne-HPO42-. Le khasi isigcinalwazi indawo ye I-phosphoric acid kunwebeka kumabanga amaningi.

Ukusebenzisa H3po4 ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokusebenzisa Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 ngqo, njengoba udinga ukulawula ngokucophelela inani lesisekelo -lingene Ukufinyelela okufunayo uhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kungaba yindlela ewusizo uma unayo kuphela I-phosphoric acid kuyatholakala, noma ufuna ukudala a isixazululo nge ngaphezulu amandla ama-ionic.

Kungani i-KH2PO4 i-acid ne-K2HPO4 iyisisekelo?

I-acidity ye Kh2po4 kanye nokuyisisekelo kwe K2hpo4 Xoxa ngqo nezinhlaka zazo zamakhemikhali nokuthi zihlangana kanjani namanzi.

• Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate): Nini Kh2po4 Qhafaza emanzini, kudicilela phansi ku-k + ion kanye ne-h2po47. Le khasi i-dihydrogen phosphate ihhashi (H2PO4-) ingasebenza njengobuthakathaka -muncu, ukunikela proton (h +) emanzini:
  H2po4- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + H3O +
  Ukwakheka kwe-H3O + (Hydronium Ion) kwandisa i -muncu ukugxila ku- isixazululo, kwenza i-acidic.

• K2hpo4 (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Nini K2hpo4 Qhafaza emanzini, kudicilela phansi ku-2k + ama-ion kanye ne-HPO42- Le khasi i-hydrogen phosphate ion (I-HPO42-) ingasebenza njengesisekelo esibuthakathaka, yamukela i-proton (H +) emanzini:
  Hpo42- + h2o ⇌ h2po4- + oh-
  Ukwakheka kwe-oh- (hydroxide ion) kwandisa isisekelo ukuqoqana ku isixazululo, okwenza kube okuyisisekelo noma uhlobo lwenkani.

Ungayilungisa kanjani i-PH ye-Phosphate Buffer?

Ukulungisa i- uhlobo kwe a i-phosphate buffer kuvamile isu lokwenza umsebenzi ku ilebula. Nakhu ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani:

1. Ukukala i-pH yokuqala: Sebenzisa imitha ye-PH evunyelwe ukukala ngokunembile uhlobo yakho isigcinalwazi Isixazululo.
2. Nquma ngokuqondisa kokulungiswa: Nquma ukuthi ngabe udinga ukukhuphuka noma ukunciphisa uhlobo.
3. Faka ikhambi elifanele:
   • Ukwehlisa i-PH (kwenze i-acid more): Kancane kancane enezelela i-dilute isixazululo iwa- Kh2po4 noma i-dilute isixazululo of a eqinile -muncu thanda Hlkwane (i-hydrochloric). -muncu), ngenkathi ubheka ngokuqhubekayo uhlobo ngemitha ye-PH.
   • Ukuphakamisa i-PH (kwenze kube okuyisisekelo / i-Alkaline): Kancane kancane enezelela i-dilute isixazululo iwa- K2hpo4 noma i-dilute isixazululo wesisekelo esinamandla njenge Insabekayo (I-Potassium Hydroxide) noma uNaoh (i-sodium I-Hydroxide), ngenkathi iqhubeka nokuqapha i- uhlobo ngemitha ye-PH.
4. Hlanganisa kahle: Qinisekisa isixazululo ixubene kahle ngemuva kokungezwa ngakunye.
5. Yeka lapho i-phis oyifunayo ifinyelelwe: Qhubeka nokungeza ukulungiswa isixazululo ekukhuphukeni okuncane kuze kube yilapho imitha ye-PH ifunda okufunayo uhlobo inani. Qikelela ukuthi ungabheki ngokweqile.

QAPHELA EBALULEKILE: Njalonjalo enezelela Ukulungiswa isixazululo kancane futhi ngamanani amancane, ngenkathi kushukumisa ngokuqhubekayo nokubheka uhlobo. Lokhu kuvimbela kakhulu uhlobo izinguquko futhi ziqinisekise isigcinalwazi igcina ikhona umthamo wokuhlasela. Ungabhekisela I-kand's Chemical sodium acetate Imibhalo yokuxuba imikhuba emihle kakhulu ngamakhemikhali afanayo.

Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo ezivamile ze-phosphate buffers?

I-phosphate buffers ziguquguquke ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ucwaningo lwebhayoloji: Ukugcina uhlobo of cell Culsic, amaprotheni Izixazululo, kanye nokuphendula kwe-enzyme. Isixazululo se-PBS, ngokwesibonelo, umbalelano usawoti ophethwe.
• I-Molecular Biology: I-DNA futhi Uhlobo lwanamvubelo ukukhishwa, i-electrophoresis, nokunye amangqamuzana ibhayoloji amasu.
• I-Biochemistry: Ukutadisha i-enzyme kinetics, amaprotheni Ukuhlanzwa, nezinye izinqubo ze-biochemical.
• I-Chemistry: Njenge- isigcinalwazi ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nezithonjana.
• Imboni Yezemithi: Ukwenza izidakamizwa nemithi.
• Imboni yokudla: Ukulawumula uhlobo ekusebenzeni kokudla nokulondolozwa.
• Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni: Amakhemikhali kaKand anikela ngama-phosphates ahlukahlukene okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwamanzi.

I-Biocomtic kanye nethuba uhlobo uhla lwe- I-phosphate buffers Benze ithuluzi elibalulekile emikhakheni eminingi ehlukene. Okuqondile ukuqoqana na- uhlobo ye isigcinalwazi izokhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zesicelo esithile.

Ukuxazulula inkinga phosphate buffer ukulungiselela

Nazi ezinye izinkinga ezijwayelekile ezihlangabezana nazo lapho ulungiselela I-phosphate buffers nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani:

• I-PH ayizinzile:

  • Qiniseka ukuthi imitha yakho ye-PH ilinganiselwe kahle. Sebenzisa ukulinganisa okusha amabhomu Futhi ulandele imiyalo yomenzi.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi usawoti uyachinjiswa ngokuphelele. Govuza isixazululo kahle kuze kube yilapho zingekho izinhlayiya eziqinile ezisele.
  • Sebenzisa amakhemikhali asezingeni eliphakeme, ahlanzekile. Ukungcola kungathinta uhlobo na- umthamo wokuhlasela. Amakhemikhali kaKandi ayazithola ebumsulwa.
  • Bheka ukungcoliswa. Qiniseka ukuthi i-Glassware yakho namanzi ahlanzekile futhi anamahhala.
  • Uyengezile zonke izinto? Hlola ukubona ukuthi okulungile okuninginingi yazo zonke izinto.

• I-PH iphakeme kakhulu noma iphansi kakhulu:

  • Hlola izibalo zakho kabili. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzise amanani afanele Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4.
  • Lungisa i-PH ngokucophelela usebenzisa izixazululo ze-DICUTUT ye Kh2po4 (ukwehlisa uhlobo) noma K2hpo4 (ukukhuphula uhlobo), noma unciphise Hlkwane noma Insabekayo njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.

• Amafomu e-precipitate ku-buffer:

  • Lokhu kungenzeka uma ukugcwala kwe-buffer kuphezulu kakhulu. Zama ukuhlanganisa i isigcinalwazi.
  • Amanye usawoti we-phosphate ane-solubity elinganiselwe. Qiniseka ukuthi awungeqi umkhawulo we-solubity we usawoti uyasebenzisa.
  • Izinga lokushisa lingathinta i-solubity. -Nye umbalelano Usawoti awuncibiliki kancane emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
  • Ukonakalisa. Qiniseka ukuthi uyakho okuthakiweyo Ama-reagents akhululekile ekungcolisweni, nokuthi usebenza ezimweni eziyinyumba, mahhala kusuka ezingcotsheni zangaphandle.

• Ayikwazi ukuthola i-pH yami oyifunayo

  • Uma ulandele a umthetho olandelisayo futhi awutholi i-pH eshiwo, zama ukubheka isiqomanga ka-. Ukucwaninga inomphakathi oqinile wososayensi abahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, futhi ungathola incazelo. Uma umbuzo nge-buffer yakho ethile ye-phosphate akukaze kube -buzwa, ungakwazi landa umbuzo wakho ofanayo.

Ukuthathwa Key

• Kh2po4 (i-potassium i-dihydrogen phosphate) Futhi K2hpo4 (i-potassium i-hydrogen phosphate) yizinto ezibalulekile ze I-phosphate buffers.
• Kh2po4 i-acid, ngenkathi K2hpo4 kuyisisekelo.
• Le khasi umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbili iwa- Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4 inquma i uhlobo ye isigcinalwazi Isixazululo.
• I-phosphate buffers ziyasebenza ku uhlobo uhla lwe-6.0 kuya ku-8.0.
• Ungakwazi Lungiselela ama-phosphate buffers ukusebenzisa Kh2po4 na- K2hpo4, noma ngokuthembisa I-phosphoric acid (H3po4) ngesisekelo esinamandla.
• -Nakayo uhlobo ukulungiswa nokuxazulula inkinga kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele isigcinalwazi Ukulungiselela.
• Uma kwakho kulungiselela i-buffer kusuka H3po4 timbatha nge Insabekayo kuze kube isixazululo ifinyelela ku-pH oyifunayo.
• Ukusuka Kh2po4 kwa- K2hpo4 Uzodinga Faka i-koh.
• Kokubuyiselwa emuva, ukusetshenziswa Hllo.

Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele unikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuqonda nokusebenzisa I-phosphate buffers emsebenzini wakho. Khumbula ukuthi uhlala uthintana nezinkombandlela ezithile zokuphepha kanye nokuphepha kokuhlolwa kwakho. Ngikufisela inhlanhla.