Eli nqaku licacisa umahluko phakathi kweKh2Po4 (i-potassium dihydrogen phosphate) kunye k2hpo4 (i-phepotassium hydrogen phosphate), izinto ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-phosphate buffer yezisombululo. Siza kusebenza kwiipropathi zabo zekhemikhali, indlela abasebenza ngayo kwizibopha, kwaye indlela yokukhetha ilungileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. Enoba ungumphandi onamava okanye uqalise nje kwilebhu, ukuqonda ezi phawu kubalulekile kwiziphumo zovavanyo oluchanekileyo. Oku yi kufuneka ufunde Nabani na osebenza nezisombululo ze-buffer kwi-biology, chemistry, okanye amasimi ahambelana.
Yintoni i-phosphate buffer? Inkcazo
A isithinteli Isisombululo sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiimvavanyo ezininzi zesayensi. Umsebenzi ophambili kukumelana notshintsho kwi ph xa imali encinci iasidi okanye isiseko yongezwa. Oku kubalulekile kuba ukuphendula ezininzi zekhemikhali, ngakumbi ezo ziinkqubo zebhayiloji, zinomdla kakhulu kwiinguqu zePH.
I-phosphate buffers, ngakumbi, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuba banako isithinteli Kuluhlu lweenqobo ze-PH kwaye ziyahambelana neenkqubo ezininzi zebhayiloji. Zenziwe zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze iphosphate, Imolekyuli equkethe i-phosphorus neoksijini. Eqhelekileyo I-phosphate buffer amandla iqulethe umxube we Kh2po4 (i-potassium dihydrogen phosphate) kwaye K2hpo4 (I-Dipotassium I-Hydrogen phosphate). Umyingo othile kwezi zinto zimbini umisela ubugqi ph ye isithinteli.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4?
Isitixo umahluko phakathi Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 Ubuxoki kwinani le ihydrogen (H) ii-atom bona iqulethe.
- Kh2po4 (I-potassium dihydrogen phosphate): Le ngcongi ikwabizwa ngokuba yiMonobasic i-potassium phosphate. Inezibini ihydrogen iiathom. Xa inyibilikisiwe emanzini, isebenza njengobuthathaka iasidi, nikela i-proton (h +) kwi isisombululo.
- K2hpo4 (I-Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Le nqaku ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dibasic i-potassium phosphate. Inenye kuphela ihydrogen iatom. Xa inyibilikisiwe emanzini, isebenza njengesiseko esibuthathaka, samkele i-proton (H +) evela kwi isisombululo.
Olu phawu lubonakala luncinci kubume bemichiza lukhokelela kulwahluko olubonakalayo kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo kwisisombululo. Kh2po4 Inegalelo kwiipropathi ze-acidic ze isithinteli, ngelixa K2hpo4 Inegalelo kwisiseko (okanye ialkaline) Iipropathi.
Ngaba i-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4 basebenza njani kwisisombululo se-buffer?
Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 sebenza kunye njengesibini esisiseko se-acid ukwenza i I-phosphate buffer. Ukuphendula ngokulinganayo kunokumelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-H2PO4- (AQ) + H2O (L) ⇌ hpo42- (AQ) + H3O + (AQ)
- Kh2po4 ibonelela nge-H2PO4- (I-Dihydrogen phosphate) I-IONS.
- K2hpo4 Inika i-HPO42- ((I-Hydrogen phosphate) I-IONS.
Xa isixa esincinci se iasidi (H +) yongezwa kwi isithinteli, i-HPO42- Iidilesi ze iasidi, ukutshintsha i-equilibrium ukuya ekhohlo kwaye unciphise utshintsho ngaphakathi ph. Xa inani elincinci lesiseko (oh-) yongezwa, i-H2PO4- Iilwimi zisabela kwisiseko, ukutshintsha i-equilibrium ukuya ngasekunene kwaye iphinde inciphise utshintsho ngaphakathi ph. Obu buchule bokuxhathisa utshintsho lwe-pH, yintoni eyenza isithinteli iluncedo kakhulu. Umyinge uya kuya yongeza kwisiphumo.
Ulungiselela njani isisombululo se-phosphate buffer nge-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4?
Ukuya lungiselela a I-phosphate buffer Isisombululo, uya kudinga:
- Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate phosphate)
- K2hpo4 (I-Dipotassium I-Hydrogen phosphate)
- Mamanzi amisiwe
- I-ph i-ph
- Biab kunye nezixhobo ezivuselelayo
Nantsi inkqubo jikelele (ihlala ibonisana) Iprotocol kuba uyayifuna ph kwaye uxinzelelo):
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Chonga i-ph enqwenelekayo kunye nokugxininiswa kwe-buffer yakho. Umzekelo, unokufuna i-01m I-phosphate buffer kwi-7.2.
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Bala isixa se-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4 esifunekayo. Ungasebenzisa i-henderson-ceneslicke i-equation okanye kwi-Intanethi isithinteli Iikhalityhuli ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo umyinge yezi zinto zimbini. I-HANDERSON-I-HOSELCELCCCC:
pr = pka + ilog ([hpo42 -] [H2PO4-]))
Apho i-pka ihambelana ne iphosphate I-Ion (malunga ne-7.2 yokuphanziswa kwesibini kwephosphoric iasidi). -
Bala ii-moles ze-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4 kwi-buffer, emva koko yongeza Isisindo se-molar kwaye siya kukuxelela ukuba zingaphi iigram ukuba zenziwe kwi isisombululo.
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Nyibilikisa i-masses ebaliwe Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 kumthamo wamanzi agciniweyo obungaphantsi kancinane kunomnqweno wakho wokugqibela ivolumu. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna i-1 ilitha ye isithinteli, qala malunga ne-800 ml yamanzi.
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Hambisa isisombululo de iityuwa zichithwe ngokupheleleyo.
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Sebenzisa imitha ye-pH ukulinganisa i-PH yesisombululo.
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Ukuba kukho imfuneko, hlengahlengisa i-PH ngokongeza isisombululo esincinci sesisombululo se-kh2po4 (ukuthoba i-pH) okanye k2hpo4 (ukukhulisa i-pH).
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Nje ukuba i-ph ifikelelweyo, yongeza amanzi aqingqiweyo ukuzisa isisombululo kwivolumu yokugqibela.
Yintoni i-pH ye-PH ye-phosphate buffer?
I-phosphate buffers zisebenza kakhulu kwi ph Uluhlu malunga ne-6.0 ukuya kwi-8.0. Kungenxa yokuba i-pka ye I-Hydrogen phosphate/ dihydrogen iphosphate I-aquilibrium ijikeleze i-7.2. I Umthamo we-buffting iphezulu xa ph ikufuphi nexabiso le-pka. Nangona kusebenza kakhulu kufutshane ne-7.2 nayo isithinteli Kuluhlu lwamaxabiso, kubandakanya kancinci ialkaline 7.4.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iyasebenza isithinteli Uluhlu lunokwandiswa kancinci ngokuxhomekeka kwi-colofere eyamkelekileyo ye ph tshintsha kwisicelo esithile. A I-phosphate buffer isenokubonelela abanye buffer Umthamo ongaphandle kolu luhlu, kodwa ayizukuphumelela ekuxhathiseni ph utshintsho. I I-phosphate buffer Uluhlu lulungele izicelo ezininzi zebhayoloji.
Ndikhetha njani phakathi kwe-kh2po4 kunye k2hpo4 kulingo lwam?
Ukukhetha phakathi kokusebenzisa Kh2po4 okanye K2hpo4 yedwa, okanye ngokudibeneyo, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-ow oyifunayo ph yakho isisombululo.
- Ukuba ufuna i-acidic isisombululo, ungasebenzisa ikakhulu Kh2po4.
- Ukuba ufuna isisiseko okanye ialkaline isisombululo, ungasebenzisa ikakhulu K2hpo4.
- Ukuba ufuna ukungathathi hlangothi okanye kufutshane ph, kuya kufuneka usebenzise a xuba zombini Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 ukwenza i isithinteli. Ngqo umyinge zale mibini ziya kuxhomekeka kwicandelo elithile ph Uzama ukufezekisa.
Kunqabile ukusebenzisa kuphela kwezi zinto zikhongiselayo kwisimo sophando. Ihlala ihleli, ujolise ekwenzeni i isithinteli isisombululo sokuzinzisa i ph yokuphendula okanye isisombululo.
Ndingayisebenzisa i-phosphoric acid (h3po4) ukwenza i-phosphate buffer?
Ewe ungasebenzisa iasidi phosphoric (H3po4) ukuya lungiselela a I-phosphate buffer. Nangona kunjalo, iasidi phosphoric Ngaba i-tistrotic iasidi, intsingiselo ineeathom ezintathu ze-hidrogen. Oku kukhokelela kumanyathelo amathathu okubahlula-hlula, nganye inexabiso layo le-pka:
- H3po4 ⇌ H + + H2PO4- (PKA1 ≈ 2.15)
- I-H2PO4- ⇌ H + + HPO42- (PKA2 ≈ 7.20)
- I-HPO42- ⇌ H + + PO43- (PKA3 ≈ 12.35)
Ukwenza i isithinteli ukusebenzisa H3po4, uya kuthi rhoqo yongeza isiseko esomeleleyo, njenge Koh (i-potassium hydroxide) okanye isodium I-hydroxide (i-nah), ukuba ingabandakanyeki iasidi kwaye wenze into oyifunayo umyinge ye iphosphate iintlobo. Umzekelo, ukwenza i isithinteli ngeenxa zonke ph 7, Unga yongeza Isiseko esaneleyo sokufikelela kwinyathelo lesibini lokudodobala, ukudala umxube we-H2PO4- kunye ne-HPO42-. I isithinteli indawo ye iasidi phosphoric idluliselwe kwiindidi ezininzi.
Ukusebenzisa H3po4 ingaba nzima ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 ngqo, njengoko kufuneka ulawule ngononophelo inani lesiseko yongezwa ukufikelela okufuneka ph. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba yindlela eluncedo ukuba unayo kuphela iasidi phosphoric iyafumaneka, okanye ifuna ukwenza i isisombululo Ngaphezulu amandla e-Ionic.
Kutheni i-kh2po4 i-acid kwaye k2hpo4 isisiseko?
I-acidity ye Kh2po4 kunye nesisiseko se K2hpo4 Zidibanise ngqo izakhiwo zabo zekhemikhali kunye nendlela abanxibelelana ngayo namanzi.
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Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate): Nini Kh2po4 inyibilikiswe emanzini, iyakwazi ukuzithoba kwi-k + i-ion kunye ne-H2PO4-. I I-Dihydrogen phosphate ion (I-H2PO4-) isebenza njengento ebuthathaka iasidi, nikela i-proton (H +) emanzini:
H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + H3O +
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-H3O + (i-hydronium ye-ion) yonyusa i iasidi uxinzelelo kwi isisombululo, ukuyenza i-acidic. -
K2hpo4 (i-Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Nini K2hpo4 inyibilikiswe emanzini, iyakwazi ukuzithoba kwii-2k + i-ions kunye ne-hpo42- iingondini. I i-hydrogen phosphate ion (I-HPO42-) isebenza njengesiseko esibuthathaka, samkele i-proton (H +) emanzini:
Hpo42- + H2O ⇌ h2po4- + OH-
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-OH- (i-hydroxide ion) yonyusa isiseko uxinzelelo kwi isisombululo, ukuyenza isisiseko okanye ialkaline.
Ungalungisa njani i-PH ye-phosphate buffer?
Ukulungelelanisa i ph ye I-phosphate buffer yinto eqhelekileyo ubuchule kwi I-LAB. Nantsi indlela yokwenza:
- Linganisa i-PH ye-PH: Sebenzisa umgama we-ph olungelelanisiweyo ukuze ulinganise ngokuchanekileyo ph yakho isithinteli isisombululo.
- Yenza isigqibo malunga nolwalathiso lohlengahlengiso: Chaza ukuba kufuneka unyuse okanye unciphise i ph.
- Yongeza isisombululo esifanelekileyo:
- Ukuthoba i-pH (yenza kube ngaphezulu): Kancinci yongeza i-filute isisombululo ye Kh2po4 okanye i-hallute isisombululo eyomeleleyo iasidi njenge Hcl (i-hydrochloric iasidi), ngelixa ubeka iliso kwi ph kunye nemitha yePH.
- Ukuphakamisa i-PH (yenze ngakumbi / ialkaline): Kancinci yongeza i-filute isisombululo ye K2hpo4 okanye i-hallute isisombululo yesiseko esomeleleyo njenge Koh (i-potassium hydroxide) okanye u-nah (isodium i-hydroxide), ngelixa ibeka iliso rhoqo ph kunye nemitha yePH.
- Hlanganisa kakuhle: Qinisekisa i isisombululo ixutywe kakuhle emva kongezwa.
- Yeka xa i-ph ecinyiweyo ifikelelekile: Qhubeka ukongeza uhlengahlengiso isisombululo Kwizinto ezincinci zokunyuka de kube yimitha ye-pH ifundwe ph Ixabiso. Lumka ungabinayo.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Njalo yongeza uhlengahlengiso isisombululo ngokuthe ngcembe nangamaxabiso amancinci, ngelixa uqhuba ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokubeka esweni i ph. Oku kuthintela i-terrice ph Utshintsho kwaye uqinisekise isithinteli gcina Umthamo we-buffting. Ungayichaza I-KANK yekhemikhali yeShemikhali amaxwebhu okuxuba ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo ngeekhemikhali ezifanayo.
Zeziphi ezinye zezicelo eziqhelekileyo ze-phosphate buffers?
I-phosphate buffers ziguquguqukayo kwaye zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanya:
- Uphando lwebhayoloji: Ukugcina i ph Iinkcubeko zeseli, iprotheni Izisombululo, kunye nokuphendula kwe-enzyme. Isisombululo se-PBS, umzekelo, iphosphate I-Buronered Saline.
- I-molekring biology: I-DNA kunye I-rna Ukukhutshwa, i-elektrophoresis, kunye nezinye imolekyuli ibhayoloji ubuchwephesha.
- I-Biochemists: Ukufunda i-enzyme kinetics, iprotheni Ukuhlanjululwa, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zebhayiloji.
- I-Chemistry: Njenge isithinteli Ukuphendula kweekhemikhali kunye nezityholo.
- Ishishini lamachiza: Ukwenza iziyobisi kunye namayeza.
- Ishishini lokutya: Ukulawula ph kulungiso lokutya kunye nokulondolozwa.
- Unyango lwamanzi aManzi: Iichemicals zikaKonwa zibonelela ngeentlobo zephosphates zephosphates oko kuhlala kusetyenziswa kunyango lwamanzi.
I-biomatisiatisiatisiatible kwaye ikhule ph Uluhlu lwe I-phosphate buffers Zenzele isixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Okhethekileyo uxinzelelo kwaye ph ye isithinteli Uya kukhethwa ngokubhekisele kwiimfuno zesicelo esithile.
Ukulungiswa kwengxaki ye-phosphate buffer
Nazi ezinye zeengxaki eziqhelekileyo ezihlangane nazo xa ulungiselela I-phosphate buffers kwaye ungazisombulula njani:
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I-PH ayizinzile:
- Qiniseka ukuba imitha yakho ye-PH ilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo. Sebenzisa uBalaphu lutsha izithinteli kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba iityuwa zichithwe ngokupheleleyo. Vuselela isisombululo Ngokucokisekileyo de amasuntswana aqinileyo ahlala.
- Sebenzisa imigangatho ephezulu, imichiza ecocekileyo. Ukungcola kunokuchaphazela i ph kwaye Umthamo we-buffting. Imichiza kaKo kaNa iyazingcwaba bubunyulu.
- Jonga ungcoliseko. Qiniseka ukuba iglasi yakho kunye namanzi zicocekile kwaye ingenazingcongconi.
- Ngaba wongeze onke amacandelo? Jonga ukubona ukuba ichanekile ubunzima kuwo onke amacandelo.
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I-PH iphezulu kakhulu okanye iphantsi kakhulu:
- Jonga kabini ukubala. Qiniseka ukuba usebenzise izixa ezichanekileyo ze Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4.
- Lungisa i-PH ngononophelo ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-dilute se Kh2po4 (ukuthoba ph) okanye K2hpo4 (ukukhulisa ph), okanye i-theute Hcl okanye Koh njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.
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I-PRCIPIPUTE YENDLELA KWI-Buffer:
- Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-buffer luphakamile kakhulu. Zama ukuThonga i isithinteli.
- Ezinye iityuwa zephosphate zine-soliment encinci. Qiniseka ukuba awugqithanga kumda wezomda we iityuwa Usebenzisa.
- Iqondo lokushisa linokuchaphazela ukuluka. Ezinye iphosphate Iityuwa azinyibiliki kangako kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
- Ungcoliseko. Qinisekisa ukuba ikhemikhali Iindawo zokuhlala zikhululekile kungcoliseko, kwaye ukuba usebenza kwiimeko ezingena nzulu, ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe.
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Ayinakufumana i-ph yam efunekayo
- Ukuba ulandele i Iprotocol Kwaye awuphumeli i-pH echaziweyo, zama ukujonga kwi I-Intanethi. Phanda Uluntu lwezazinzulu zezazinzulu ezabelana ngamava abo, kwaye unokufumana Inkcazo. Ukuba umbuzo malunga ne-phosphate yakho ye-phosphate ayikhange ibe ubuziwe, Unga inxulumene Umbuzo wakho kwinye efanayo.
Iqhosha lezitshixo
- Kh2po4 (i-potassium I-Dihydrogen phosphate) kwaye K2hpo4 (I-Dipotassium I-Hydrogen phosphate) zizinto eziphambili ze I-phosphate buffers.
- Kh2po4 I-acidic, ngelixa K2hpo4 Isisiseko.
- I umyinge ye Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4 ichaza i ph ye isithinteli isisombululo.
- I-phosphate buffers ziyasebenza kwi ph Uluhlu lwe-6.0 ukuya kwi-8.0.
- Unga Lungisa i-phosphate buffers ukusebenzisa Kh2po4 kwaye K2hpo4, okanye ngenkanuko iasidi phosphoric (H3po4) ngesiseko esomeleleyo.
- Ngononophelo ph Uhlengahlengiso kunye nokulungiswa kwengxaki kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele isithinteli amalungiselelo.
- Ukuba ilungisa i-buffer evela H3po4 isishumi kunye Koh kude kube isisombululo ifikelela kwi-ph efunekayo.
- Ukusuka kwi Kh2po4 ukuya K2hpo4 Kuya kufuneka Yongeza iKoh.
- Ukubuyela umva, sebenzisa Hcl.
Esi sikhokelo sibanzi sinika isiseko esomeleleyo sokuqonda nokusebenzisa I-phosphate buffers emsebenzini wakho. Khumbula ukuhlala ujongane neeprotokholi ezithile kunye nezokhuseleko kwiimvavanyo zakho. Nqwenelela impumelelo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UMar-08-2025
