Uyenza njani i-Ammonium?

I-Ammoniium yityuwa enyibilikayo yamanzi ngefomula yekhemikhali (NH4) 3c6H5O7. Isetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwii-EMARMETICICALS kunye nemveliso yokutya ukucoca iimveliso kunye nendawo yokuqala yeSynthesis Synthesis. Ukwenza i-Ammonium tirate ekhaya yinkqubo ethe tye, kodwa ifuna ukufikelela kwiikhemikhali ezithile kunye nezilumkiso zokhuseleko. Kweli phulo lebhlog, siza kuphonononga amanyathelo okuvelisa i-ammonium, izixhobo eziyimfuneko, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezokhuseleko.

Izixhobo ezifunekayo

Ukwenza i-Amomoium, uya kudinga:

1. I-cicric acid (c6h8O7)
2. I-Ammonium hydroxide (NH4UOH), ekwabizwa ngokuba yimomonia emanzi
3. Mamanzi amisiwe
4. I-beaker enkulu okanye iflask
5. I-rod eshukumayo
6. Ipleyiti eshushu okanye i-bunken burner (yokufudumeza)
7. I-PH Ger (ngokuzithandela, kodwa iluncedo kulawulo lwe-PH)
8. Ukhuseleko lwe-Goggles
9. Iigloves
10. Indawo enomoya okanye i-hood ye-fume

Ukhuseleko kuqala

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba bobabini bobabini i-cicric acid kunye ne-ammonium hydroxide inokuba yingozi ukuba ayinabungozi xa ingalawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Soloko unxiba i-goggles yokhuseleko kunye neegloves, kwaye usebenze kwindawo enomoya okanye phantsi kwe-hood ye-fud ukunqanda ukuphefumla.

Inkqubo

Inyathelo 1: Lungisa indawo yakho yokusebenza

Misela i-beaker yakho okanye i-flask, i-rod eshukumisayo, kunye nemitha ye-pH (ukuba usebenzisa) kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nelizenzileyo. Qinisekisa ukuba ipleyiti yakho eshushu okanye i-bunken rurner ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwaye unokufikelela kumanzi anemikhono.

Inyathelo 2: Ukulinganisa i-cicric acid

Lunzima kwinani elifunekayo le-cicric acid. Ixabiso elichanekileyo liya kuxhomekeka kwisikali semveliso yakho, kodwa umyinge oqhelekileyo ziintsimbi ezintathu ze-Ammonium hydroxide kuyo yonke i-mole ye-cicric acid.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Dibanisa i-cicric acid

Yongeza i-cicric acid ukuya kwi-beaker okanye iFlask, emva koko wongeza amanzi aqingqiweyo ukuze awuchithe. Fudumeza umxube ngobumnene xa kufuneka ukunceda ukutshitshiswa. Inani lamanzi liya kuxhomekeka kwivolumu onqwenela ukwenza isisombululo sakho sokugqibela.

Inyathelo 4: Yongeza i-ammoium hydroxide

Ngokuthe ngcembe yongeza i-ammoium hydroxide kwisisombululo se-cicric acid ngelixa ushukumisa. Indlela yokuphendula phakathi kweCitric Acid kunye ne-ammoium hydroxide iza kuvelisa i-amomoium kunye namanzi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:3NH4​OH+C6​H8​O7​→(NH4​)3​C6​H5​O7​+3H2​O

Inyathelo 5: Ukubeka iliso kwi-PH

Ukuba unayo imitha ye-pH, jonga i-PH yesisombululo njengoko udibanisa i-Ammonium hydroxide. I-PH kufuneka inyuke njengoko impendulo iqhubeka. Injongo ye-PH malunga ne-7 ukuya kwi-8 ukuqinisekisa impendulo epheleleyo.

Inyathelo 6: Qhubeka nokushukumisa

Qhubeka uvuselela umxube de kufike i-cicric acid kwaye isisombululo sicacile. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-Amoniium ye-Ammonium ihambiwe.

Inyathelo lesi-7: Ukupholisa kunye nokukhala (ngokuzithandela)

Ukuba ufuna ukufumana i-crystalline yefom ye-Ammonium fiterate, vumela isisombululo ukuze sipholile kancinci. I-Crystals inokuqalisa ukwenza njengesisombululo esipholileyo.

Inyathelo 8: Ukucoca kunye nokomisa

Nje ukuba impendulo igqitywe kwaye isisombululo sicacile (okanye i-crystall), unokucoca nakwezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo. Ulwelo olushiyekileyo okanye i-crystalline liqinile yi-Agomoium.

Inyathelo 9: Ukugcinwa

Gcina i-Ammonium firrate kwisikhongozeli, kude nobushushu kunye nokukhanya ukugcina uzinzo lwayo.

Ukuqukumbela

Ukwenza i-Ammonium i-fiterate yinkqubo elula yemichiza enokufezekiswa izixhobo ezisisiseko zelebhu kunye neekhemikhali. Ngamaxesha onke khumbula ukulandela iiprothokholi zokhuseleko xa usebenza ngeekhemikhali, kwaye uqinisekile ukuba uqonde iipropathi zezinto ozisebenzisayo. I-Ammoniium, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, yindawo exabisekileyo yokuqonda kwaye ube nolwazi kwicandelo le-chemistry nangaphaya.