I-Ammonium ye-agotium, ikhemikhali ikhonkco ne I-CAS inombolo I-631-61-8, zimi njengelitye lembombo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zezamashishini kunye nezilonda. Kwindima yayo ebalulekileyo njenge isithinteli ngaphakathi Hlc ukusebenza kwayo njenge UMlawuli weAcidity kukutya, oku ityiwa ye-Ammonium iguquguqukayo. Kweli nqaku, siya kuphonononga ubunzulu boku I-hygroscopic iqinile, ukuvavanya kwayo udibaniso, Iipropathi zeekhemikhali, kwaye uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa oko lwenza ukuba lube lube lubalulekile. Nokuba ungumchiza, igosa lokuthengwa kwempahla, okanye sinomdla wokufumana i-inorganic chemistry, ukuqonda i UKUSETYENZISWA KWE-AMONII AMONIUM YOKUGQIBELA lixabisa ixesha lakho. Siza kungena nzulu kwindlela ukuqasha iququzelela I-Mass Spectrometry, AIDS kwi Ukukhutshwa kwe-DNA, kwaye isebenza njengecandelo elibalulekileyo kwi I-Orntac Synthesis.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Amomoium ye-Amonium ye-Apmoium ye-Acetate (CAS 631-8)?
I-Ammonium ye-agotium yi I-Chemical Complet kunye nefomula nh₄ch₃₂. Ngokufanelekileyo, imele i Ityuwa ye-acid ebuthathaka (I-acetic acid) kunye ne isiseko esibuthathaka (I-Ammonia). Olu hlanganiso lukhethekileyo lunika iimpawu ezahlukileyo ezixabisa kakhulu kwi chemistry. Ngokungafaniyo neetyiwa eziqinileyo i-sulfate okanye i-chloride icwecwe, I-Ammonium ye-agotium Ihlala umhlaba ongathathi hlangothi, ihlala isetyenziswa xa imeko ingaphazamisayo, enobume i-Ionic iyafuneka. I I-CAS 631-61-8 Isichazi esichazayo kubhekisa kule nto ityiwa ye-acetate kwifom yayo ecocekileyo.
Ngokwasemzimbeni, I-Ammonium ye-Ammonium i-mhlophe, i-crystalline iqinile. Kuyaziwa ukuba ngu I-hygroscopic iqinile, intsingiselo ifumana ngokulula ukufuma emoyeni. Ukuba ushiya imbiza ye I-Ammonium ye-agotium Vula, ungayifumana iqulunqa kunye okanye iguqukele kwi-slushy ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngenxa yoku, ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo eyomileyo kubalulekile. Ibaluleke kakhulu inyibilikisiwe emanzini, ukudala i Isisombululo se-Ammonium I-Acetate Oko kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezisekwe kwilebhu.
Kwilizwe lezorhwebo nezorhwebo, I-Ammonium ye-agotium ihlala ithengiswa rhoqo kwaye isetyenziswa njengokucoceka okuphezulu ukuqasha. Kuba idityaniswe I-Acetate kunye ne-Amonium I-IOS, ibola ilula ngokulula ekufudumeleni, eyipropathi ebeka yona ngaphandle kwe-stalts ezizinzileyo I-sodium ye-cetate. Ukonakala kwe-shir the the the the Bight kwiindlela ezithile zohlalutyo, ukuthintela ukwakha kweentsalela kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka.
Iyintoni i-synthelis ye-Amonium ye-Amonium ye-Amonium efunyenwe njani?
I udibaniso ye I-Ammonium ye-agotium sisiseko se-Acid-isiseko. Ngokuyintloko Iveliswa yimeko yokungathathi cala ye I-acetic acid nge I-Ammonia. Le nkqubo inokwenziwa kugxininiso oluqhelekileyo, kodwa eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yendlela ibandakanya ukugcwala I-Glacic Acid acid nge I-Ammonia. I-Glacic Acid acid Ngaba ifom engenamanzi ayimahla I-acetic acid. Nini I-Ammonia Irhasi iyadideka, impendulo ye-ammonia kwaye I-acetic acid ivelisa uqinile I-Ammonium ye-agotium.
Enye indlela ye I-Ammonium ye-Amonium ye-Ammonium kubandakanya impendulo ye I-acetic acid nge-Ammonate carbonate. Kule meko, I-acetic acid I-projeks kunye ne-carbonate, ukukhulula i-carbon diokside kunye namanzi ngelixa kusenziwa i-acetate. Le ndlela ihlala isetyenziswa xa uphatha igesi I-Ammonia ayinakwenzeka okanye xa uqinile I-Amonium Umthombo ukhetha. I-equation yekhemikhali ijongeka ngathi: $ 2 ch_coh + (nh_4) _2C_2OH_4CH_2O + COB
Kuyenzeka ukuba iyokwazi ukuyifumana ngokuxuba I-ACCIC ye-ACCEC ye-ABINIA kwi Isisombululo esiyi-ACTE. I-Ammonia xa usiya. Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa ngononophelo lweqondo lobushushu kunye ne-pH kuyafuneka ngexesha udibaniso Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela icocekile I-Ammonium ye-agotium. Le Impendulo ye-ammonia kunye ne-acetic Izinto ezisisiseko ekuveliseni i-acetate ifuneka kwiimarike zehlabathi.
Zeziphi izinto eziphambili zekhemikhali zale ndawo?
Ukuqonda i Iipropathi zeekhemikhali ye I-Ammonium ye-agotium ibalulekile kwisicelo sayo esisebenzayo. Njengoko kuchaziwe, ivela kwi I-acid ebuthathaka kwaye ibuthathaka isiseko. Oku kwenza ukuba ibe ngumgqatswa obalaseleyo wokwenza i Isisombululo seBuffer. A I-acetate buffer yenziwe nge I-Ammonium ye-agotium isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-acidic, ukunceda ukuzinza i-pH yomxube wokuphendula. Kuba zombini i-cation (i-amonium) kunye ne-anaon (i-acetate) I-hydrolyze, i-pH yomsulwa Isisombululo se-Ammonium I-Acetate Kukungathathi cala, ngokwesiqhelo ijikeleze i-PH 7.0, nangona oku kungatshintsha ngokuxhomekeka kuxinzelelo.
Enye yezona zichaza kakhulu Iipropathi zeekhemikhali kukuba kunjalo I-gotolaile kuxinzelelo oluphantsi. Oku kwahlukile kwi I-sodium ye-cetate okanye I-potassium ye-potassium, eshiya intsalela eqinileyo xa izinyibilikisiweyo ziphuma. Nini I-Ammonium ye-agotium ishushu okanye ibekwe phantsi kwe-vacuum, iyakwazi ukubuyela umva I-ammonia kunye ne-acetic acid (okanye i-acetic acid nge-ammonia I-Vapor), ihamba phantse ayinamkhondo. Le ndawo yi-"yeqhinga lemilingo" elenza lonakalise kakhulu kuhlalutyo lwe chemistry.
Malunga ukunyibilikisa, I-Ammonium ye-agotium iguquguqukayo. Iza ku nyibilikisa Ngokukhawuleza emanzini, iMetanol, kunye ne-ethanol. Le nto ephezulu ukunyibilikisa ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokwahlukeneyo Isigaba sesoftware ye-chromatography. Nangona kunjalo, ayizinzanga kakhulu kune I-Ammonium ye-Ilmonium; Ukuba ityhilwe kubushushu ixesha elide, ilahlekelwa yimomonia kwaye iba yicidi.
Kutheni le nto i-Amomoium ye-amonium ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-HPPC kunye ne-STADCROMETRY?
Kwicandelo le-chemistry yohlalutyo, ngakumbi-Intsebenzo ye-chromatography (Hlc) kwaye Hlc idityaniswe ne-spectrometry (LC-NS), I-Ammonium ye-agotium yi-superstar. Kuyinto ngokubanzi isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-buffer kuba Isigaba sesoftware. A buffer yezigaba zesoftware inceda ukugcina i-Ph ye-SOLLPve njengoko ihamba kwikholamu, iqinisekisa ukuba imigqaliselo ehlaziyiweyo (uhlalutyo) ihlala ikwimeko engaguqukiyo. Oku kukhokelela kwiincopho ezibukhali kunye nedatha echanekileyo ngakumbi.
Isizathu sokwenyani I-Ammonium ye-agotium Ukukhanya kwi-LC-Nks kukuzinza kwayo. Nini Ukulungiselela iisampulu ze-spectrometry, izazinzulu kufuneka zikuphephe Iityuwa ezingezizo eziguqukayo ekulungiseleleni iisampulu. I-phosphate yemveli ye-phosphate, ngelixa isebenza, i-ityuwa eqinileyo iya kuvula umthombo wokutya okuthandekayo. I-Ammonium ye-agotium, ukuba I-gotolaile kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, suble kwaye unyamalale. Inika amandla afanelekileyo e-ionic kunye nomthamo we-buffting kwisakhiwo solwelo kodwa sivele kwinqanaba legesi yomgcini.
Iityuwa ezisetyenzisiweyo Kwixa elidlulileyo, njenge-phosphates okanye i-phospites, ngoku ithathelwe indawo kakhulu I-Ammonium ye-agotium okanye I-Ammonium icacisa kwezi zicelo. Ikwahambelana nayo Izigaba ze-HPPC nge-ELSD . I i-acetate I-ion iququzelela i-ions yemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo, ezenza ukuba ibe ngumgangatho ukuqasha ukwenzela i Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo ukusukela kwiziyobisi kwiiprotein.
Wenza njani ukuba ulungiselele i-Amonium Acetate kwilebhu?
Ngelixa uninzi luyithenga i-preitsed, ukwazi indlela Yenza isisombululo se-buffer sisiqinisekiso se-lab esemgangathweni. I-Ammonium ye-Amonium ye-Ammonium Kwilebhu ihlala ibandakanya ukunyibilikisa i-crystalline eqinile kumanzi aphezulu ecocekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba Kufuneka wenze i-ammonium ye-10m Isisombululo se-acetate stock (esigxininisiweyo), ungavavanya inani elibalulekileyo le I-hygroscopic iqinile kwaye nyibilikisa ngenyameko.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-hygroscopic, enobunzima obungachanekanga ukuba ithe yangena emanzini. Ngamanye amaxesha, oochwephesha bakhetha ukwenza isithinteli Kwisikhundla ngokuxuba I-acetic acid kwaye I-Ammonia (okanye I-Ammonium hydroxide) Isisombululo de kufikelwe i-ph. Ukuba u ibala ixabiso elifunekayo Ngemodarey ethile, ihlala inika ingxelo ngobunzima bamanzi ukuba isiseko sibambekile.
Masithi ufuna ivolumu ethile. Unokubala i Isixa esifunekayo se-70 ml okanye isixa ifunwa isisombululo se-70 ml yoMkhwa oyintloko. Uya kuyichitha I-Ammonium ye-agotium emanzini kancinci, lungisa i-pH usebenzisa I-acetic acid okanye I-Ammonia, emva koko phezulu ukuya kwivolumu yokugqibela. Oku kuqinisekisa eyakho I-acetate buffer ichanekile. Esi sisombululo sihlala sisohlwaywa ukuba sisuse naziphi na iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe njenge ukuqasha kwizixhobo ezibuthathaka.
Ngaba i-Ammonium ye-Amonium isetyenziswe njengesongezo lokutya?
Ewe, ngokumangalisayo kukuba, I-Ammonium ye-agotium i isetyenziswe njengesongezelelo sokutya. Kwishishini lokutya, lisebenza ikakhulu njenge UMlawuli weAcidity. Idweliswe phantsi kwenani le-E264 eYurophu (nangona imeko yemvume iyahluka ngokwengingqi, ke ihlala ijonga imigaqo yendawo). Indima yayo njenge i-arive njengomlawuli we-Acidity inceda ekulawuleni i-pH yokutya okugqityiweyo, ukuthintela ekubeni i-acidic okanye i-alkaline kakhulu, enokuchaphazela incasa kunye nokulondolozwa.
Ngelixa kungenjengokuba i-thequitous njenge icitric acid okanye I-sodium ye-cetate, I-Ammonium ye-Amonium isetyenzisiwe Ngokukodwa ukutya Izicelo Apho iarhente ye-buffer) ayifuneki ukuba yongeza incasa yetyuwa (njenge-sodium chloride iya). Ithathwa njengekhuselekile kubungakanani isetyenziswa njengokutya isithako. I i-acetate Icandelo lendalo le ngokwemvelo lenziwe ngumzimba, kwaye I-Amonium Iqwalaselwa sisibindi.
I UKUSETYENZISWA KWE-AMONII AMONIUM YOKUGQIBELA Ukutya kubonisa iprofayili yokhuseleko ye-pround xa ithethwe ngokuchanekileyo. Isebenza ngendlela efanayo nendlela iviniga (I-acetic acid) Sebenza, kodwa ngeprofayile ye-hlelt ye-HO engathathi hlangothi ngenxa ye I-Amonium i-ion-ion. Nokuba isetyenziswe njengesongezelelo sokutya okanye kwiSynthesis Synthesis, i-chemistry ebalulekileyo ye i-acetate Iqela lihlala liyinto esebenzayo.
Idlala yiphi indima kwi-orntic syntas yokuphendula?
I-Ammonium ye-agotium yinto oyithandayo ukuqasha Iingcibi zemichiza ze-organic. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge Umthombo we-ammonia Ukuphendula kuba kulula ukuphatha kune-gesial ammoni. Enye yezicelo zayo ezidumileyo njenge I-Catalyst kwiKnoevenagel. Kwi Inovenagel impendulo, I-Ammonium ye-agotium inceda ukuqhuba ukonwaba kwe-Aldehyde okanye iKetone nge-hydrogen esebenzayo. I i-acetate Izenzo njengesiseko sobulali ukuze sisebenzise i-hydrogen esebenzayo, ngelixa I-Amonium inokuvula iqela le-carbonyl.
Esinye isicelo esikhulu sikwi I-borch impendulo. I I-Borch Reaction yinkqubo yokunciphisa. Apha, I-Ammonium ye-agotium isebenza njenge Umthombo we-ammonia ukuguqula i-ketotone okanye i-Aldehyded ibe yi-amine. I I-ammonia kwi-borch yokuphendula Yenza i-carbonyl ukwenza imilongi yemizi, eye incitshisiwe ibe yi-amine. Le yindlela esemgangathweni yokudibanisa amayeza aphakathi.
Ngapha koko, I-Ammonium ye-agotium isetyenziswa kwi-synthesis ye-Imidazis, i-oathazines, kunye nezinye iziko le-heterocyclic. Inika zombini i-nitrogen (ukusuka I-Amonium) kunye nomthamo we-buffting (ukusuka i-acetate) Ifuneka kwezi zinto zokwenza iringi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, I-Ammonium ye-Ammonium icocekile Ifom ikhethiwe ngaphezulu I-Ammonium chloride okanye i-sulfate kuba i-acetate I-Byproduct ayiphazamisi okanye kube lula ukuyisusa.
Isetyenziswa njani kuhlalutyo lomhlaba kunye nezolimo?
Kwicandelo lezolimo, I-Ammonium ye-agotium Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhlalutyeni ukuchuma komhlaba. Ngokukodwa, isetyenziselwa i Ukuzimisela kwe-potassium ekhoyo (K) emhlabeni. Indlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisa ukungathathi cala Isisombululo se-Ammonium I-Acetate Ukukhupha ii-ions potassium kwiisampulu zomhlaba. I I-Amonium i-ion isebenza njenge Ukutshintsha indawo ye-potassium Kumasuntswana omhlaba.
Kuba I-Amonium ion (nh₄⁺) kunye ne-potassium ion (k⁺) ineesayizi ezifanayo kunye neentlawulo, i I-Amonium Ingashenxisa ngokwasemzimbeni i-potassium eboshwe emhlabeni. Nje ukuba i-potangam ikhutshwe kwisisombululo, izazinzulu zinokulinganisa ukuze ziqwalasele ukuba ingakanani isichumisi sifunelwa ngumlimi. Le nkqubo ixhomekeke kwi Umhlaba apho i-amonium i-ion isebenza njengendawo yokuhlala iarhente.
Le ndlela yokukhupha ngumgangatho kwisayensi yomhlaba. Kuyanceda ukumisela "umthamo wotshintshiselwano" (i-CEC) yomhlaba. Ngelixa enye i-everaccovents ikhona, I-Ammonium ye-agotium Kukhethwa kuba ifaka ukukhutshwa kwezakha-mzimba kakuhle kwaye i-Buffers i-Buffers Umhlaba ukhuphe i-PH (i-PH 7.0). Oku kuthintela ukuchithwa kwe-acidic zezimbiwa ezingasayi kubakho ngokwemvelo kwizityalo.
Kuthekani ngebhayoloji yemolekyuli kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-DNA?
Kwindawo yokuhlala I-biology biology, I-Ammonium ye-agotium sisixhobo esithembekileyo I-DNA kunye nokuCoca i-RNA. Emva kokuba izazinzulu zahlukana neeseli ezivulekileyo zokufikelela kwizinto zemvelo, zihlala zisebenzisa I-Ammonium ye-agotium Ukulungiselela iiproteri kwaye susa ungcoliseko. Kuluncedo ngakumbi kuba kuthintela ukuphindisela ii-DNTE (iibhloko zesakhiwo zeDNA) kunye nezinye iOligosacaccharides.
Xa isetyenziselwa Ukukhutshwa kwe-DNA, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe I-Ammonium ye-agotium yongezwa kwisampulu. Oku kunceda 'kwityiwa ", ibenza ukuba babhale ukuze baxhase i-centrifuge. I-DNA ihlala ilulwelo. Emva kwexesha, i-Ethanol yongezwa kulwelo ukuze ilungele iDNA. I-Ammonium ye-agotium ihlala ikhethwa ngaphezulu I-sodium ye-cetate Kweli nyathelo xa i-DNA iza kusetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwe-enzymatic I-Amonium I-ion inokwenzeka ukuba ithintele ezi ze-enzymes kune-sodium okanye i-potassium ions.
Ikwa isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ii-buffers zeseli kwiiprothokholi ezithile. Ubulali be i-acetate kwaye I-Amonium I-ion yenza ukuba ithobe kwimigca efungozayo yeDNA neRNA. Esi sicelo sibonisa ukungahambelani kwe I-Ammonium ye-agotium: Kwitoni yemizi-mveliso ukuqasha KwiChicoroliter kwityhubhu yophando lwemfuzo, isixhobo sayo sikhulu.
Ithelekiswa njani nezinye iityuwa ezinjenge-Ammonium?
Xa ukhetha i isithinteli okanye ukuqasha, amachiza ahlala ekhetha phakathi I-Ammonium ye-agotium kwaye I-Ammonium icacisa. Zombini zizinto eziguqukayo ezisetyenziswa kwi-LC-ms, kodwa zineemahluko. I-Ammonium icacisa yityuwa ye I-Fomatic Acid, eyi-acid eyomeleleyo ngakumbi kune I-acetic acid. Ngenxa yoko, I-Ammonium icacisa I-Buffers ilunge ngakumbi kuluhlu lwe-pH ye-pH (ejikeleze i-ph 3-4), kanti I-Ammonium ye-agotium ilunge ngakumbi kuluhlu oluphezulu (pH 4-6).
Ukuba ufuna Isisombululo seBuffer I-acidic kancinci i-acidic, unokuncamela I-Fomatic Acid netyuwa yayo. Nangona kunjalo, I-acetic acid kwaye I-Ammonium ye-agotium zihlala zibiza kwaye zisebenza ngokwaneleyo ukuba zihlalukene ngokubanzi.
Kuthelekiswa ne I-sodium ye-cetate, I-Ammonium ye-agotium Inesibonelelo sokuzinza. Ukuba uqhuba inkqubo apho kufuneka ususe ityuwa emva kwayo, I-Ammonium ye-agotium Uphumelele. Ukuba ufuna ityuwa eqiqayo ibeka, I-sodium ye-cetate ingcono. Ngemimiselo yokuba ukunyibilikisa, zombini zinyibilika kakhulu, kodwa I-Amonium Ityiwa yi-ityiwa ngokubanzi i hygroscopic.
Omnye uthelekiso kunye I-Ammonium ye-Ilmonium. I-sulfate yityuwa engeyiyo enomeleleyo. Kuyinto enkulu ukuba iprotein precipic (ukuhambisa ngaphandle) kodwa yoyikeka i-spectrometry enkulu kuba ivala umatshini. Ke ngoko, iityuwa ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokwembali i-sulfate zithathelwa indawo i-acetate kwiiLasi zohlalutyo zanamhlanje.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-20-2025
