Ammonium acetate, kiimiko xarun la leh CAS lambarka 631-61-8, waxay u taagan tahay tiir u ah codsiyada warshadaha iyo shaybaadhka ee kala duwan. Laga soo bilaabo doorkeeda muhiimka ah sida a kaydin gudaha HPLC si ay u shaqeyso sida an xakameeyaha acidity cuntada, tan cusbo ammonium waa wax la yaab leh oo la taaban karo. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku baari doonaa qoto dheeraanta arrintan hygroscopic adag, oo la baarayo isku duubni, sifooyinka kiimikada, iyo isticmaalka balaadhan ee ka dhigaya mid aan laga maarmi karin. Haddi aad tahay farmashiistaha, sarkaalka wax soo iibsiga, ama aad si fudud u xiisaynayso kimistariga inorganic, fahamka isticmaalka ammonium acetate waa u qalantaa waqtigaaga. Waxaan si qoto dheer u gelin doonaa sida tan reajin sahlaysa spectrometry mass, ku caawiya Soo saarista DNA, oo u adeega sida qayb muhiim ah gudaha synthesis organic.
Waa maxay Dhab ahaan Ammonium Acetate (CAS 631-61-8)?
Ammonium acetate waa a isku dhafka kiimikada oo leh caanaha NH₄CH₃CO₂. Fikrad ahaan, waxay u taagan tahay cusbo asiidh daciif ah (acetic acid) iyo a sal daciif ah (ammonia). Isku-dhafkan gaarka ah wuxuu siinayaa sifooyin kala duwan oo aad loogu qiimeeyo kimistariga. Si ka duwan milix xooggan sida sulfate ama xeryahooda ku salaysan koloriin, ammonium acetate qabsato dhul dhexdhexaad ah, oo inta badan la isticmaalo marka aan qasnayn, bey'ad ionic dabacsan loo baahan yahay. The CAS 631-61-8 aqoonsiga ayaa si gaar ah u tilmaamaya tan cusbo acetate qaabkeeda saafiga ah.
Jir ahaan, ammonium acetate waa caddaan, crystalline adag. Waxaa la og yahay in ay tahay a hygroscopic adag, taasoo la macno ah in ay si fudud u nuugta qoyaanka hawada. Haddii aad ka tagto weel ka mid ah ammonium acetate furan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u aragto inay isku dhejinayso ama isku beddesho qas iyo qas waqti ka dib. Sababtaas awgeed, kaydinta habboon ee deegaanka qallalan waa lagama maarmaan. Waa heer sare milmay biyaha dhexdiisa, abuurista ah xal ammonium acetate taas oo aasaas u ah habab badan oo dareere ku salaysan oo shaybaarka ah.
Dunida ganacsiga iyo warshadaha, ammonium acetate si joogto ah ayaa loo kala iibsadaa waxaana loo isticmaalaa nadiif-sare reajin. Sababtoo ah waxay ka kooban tahay acetate iyo ammonium ions, waxay si fudud u qudhuntaa marka la kululeeyo, taas oo ah hanti ka duwan milixda deggan sida Sodium acetate. Degenaansho la'aanta kulaylka ayaa dhab ahaantii faa'iido u leh farsamooyinka falanqaynta gaarka ah, ka hortagga dhismaha haraaga qalabka xasaasiga ah.
Sidee loo helaa Isku-dhafka Ammonium Acetate?
The isku duubni ee ammonium acetate waa falcelinta aashitada-saldhigga caadiga ah. Waa ugu horrayn ay soo saartay dhexdhexaadintu ee acetic acid leh ammonia. Habkan waxa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo tirooyin kala duwan, laakiin habka ugu caansan ee warshaduhu waxay ku lug leeyihiin dherjinta glacial acetic acid leh ammonia. Glacial acetic acid waa biyo-la'aanta, qaabka xoogga leh ee acetic acid. Goorma ammonia gaas ayaa xumbo dhex maraa, ah falcelinta ammonia iyo acetic acid waxay keentaa adag ammonium acetate.
Hab kale oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta ammonium acetate waxay ku lug leedahay falcelinta acetic acid oo leh ammonium carbonate. Xaaladdan, acetic acid la falgala kaarboonaydhka, sii daaya kaarboon laba ogsaydh iyo biyo marka la samaynayo acetate. Habkan waxaa inta badan la isticmaalaa marka gaaska la qabanayo ammonia ma aha mid macquul ah ama marka adag ammonium isha ayaa la door bidayaa. Isla'egta kiimikaad guud ahaan waxay u eegtahay sidan: $2 CH_3COOH + (NH_4)_2CO_3 \arrow midig 2 NH_4CH_3COO + H_2O + CO_2$.
Waxa kale oo suurtogal ah in la isku qaso glacial acetic acid leh ammonia in ah xal aqueous, inkasta oo soo saarista crystal adag ay u baahan tahay uumi-baxa biyaha, taas oo noqon karta mid adag sababtoo ah u janjeera xaruntu inay lumiso ammonia marka la kululeeyo. Sidaa darteed, si taxadar leh loo xakameeyo heerkulka iyo pH ayaa loo baahan yahay inta lagu jiro isku duubni si loo hubiyo in badeecada ugu dambaysa ay saafi tahay ammonium acetate. Tani falcelinta ammonia iyo acetic Qaybaha ayaa aasaas u ah soo saarista acetate looga baahan yahay suuqyada caalamka.
Waa maxay Astaamaha Kiimikada ee Muhiimka ah ee Isku-dhafkan?
Fahamka sifooyinka kiimikada ee ammonium acetate ayaa muhiim u ah codsigeeda waxtarka leh. Sida la sheegay, waxa laga soo qaatay a asiidh daciif ah iyo mid daciif ah saldhig. Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa musharax aad u fiican abuurista a xal bakhaar. An Acetate buffer lagu sameeyay ammonium acetate Waxay si wax ku ool ah ugu shaqeysaa kala duwanaanta aashitada, ka caawinta xasilinta pH ee isku dhafka falcelinta. Sababtoo ah labadaba cation (ammonium) iyo anion (acetate) waxay noqon kartaa hydrolyzed, pH ee saafiga ah xal ammonium acetate qiyaas ahaan dhexdhexaad ah, sida caadiga ah agagaarka pH 7.0, in kasta oo tani ay isbedeli karto iyadoo ku xiran xoojinta.
Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu qeexan sifooyinka kiimikada waa in ay tahay kacsan marka cadaadis hooseeya. Tani way ka duwan tahay sodium acetate ama Potassium Acetate, kaas oo ka taga hadhaaga adag marka ay dareerayaashu uumi baxaan. Goorma ammonium acetate la kululeeyo ama la geliyo meel faaruq ah, dib ayay u kala baxdaa ammonia iyo acetic acid (ama acetic acid oo leh ammonia uumiga), oo aan wax raad ah ka tagin. Hantidani waa "khiyaanada sixirka" ee ka dhigaysa inay caan ku tahay kimistariga falanqaynta.
Ku saabsan milmayn, ammonium acetate waa wax la yaab leh oo la taaban karo. Waxay noqon doontaa milmi si diyaar ah biyaha, methanol, iyo ethanol. Tani sare milmayn u ogolaanaya in loo isticmaalo siyaabo kala duwan wejiyada mobilada loogu talagalay chromatography. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way ka xasilloon tahay Ammonium sulfate; haddii uu kulaylku aad u dheer yahay, waxay lumisaa ammonia waxayna noqotaa aashito.
Waa maxay sababta Ammonium Acetate Halis ugu tahay HPLC iyo Mass Spectrometry?
Dhinaca kimistariga gorfaynta, gaar ahaan High-Waxqabadka Chromatography ee dareeraha ah (HPLC) iyo HPLC oo ay weheliso Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), ammonium acetate waa xidig weyn. Waa mid ballaaran loo isticmaalo in lagu abuuro kayd waayo wejiyada mobilada. A kaydinta wejiyada mobilada waxay ka caawisaa ilaalinta pH ee dareeraha marka uu dhex marayo tiirka, hubinta in xeryahooda la falanqeeyay (falanqeeyayaal) ay ku sii jiraan xaalad ionization joogto ah. Tani waxay keenaysaa meelaha ugu sarreeya iyo xog sax ah.
Sababta dhabta ah ammonium acetate iftiimaya in LC-MS waa ay isbedel. Goorma diyaarinta muunado loogu talagalay spectrometry mass, saynisyahannadu waa inay iska ilaaliyaan cusbada aan kacsanayn ee diyaarinta muunado. Fosfooraska dhaqameed ee buffers, in kasta oo waxtar leh, waa cusbo adag oo xidhi doona isha jilicsan ee cabbirka cabbirka. Ammonium acetateahaansho kacsan marka cadaadis hooseeya, sublimates oo baaba'aa. Waxay ku siinaysaa xoogga ionic ee lagama maarmaanka u ah iyo awoodda wax-is-dejineed ee wejiga dareeraha ah laakiin waxay ku baaba'daa wejiga gaaska ee qalabka wax baadha.
cusbo la isticmaalay Waagii hore, sida phosphates ama sulfates, ayaa hadda inta badan lagu beddelay ammonium acetate ama Ammonium Formate codsiyadan. Waxa kale oo ay ku habboon tahay wejiyada HPLC ee leh ELSD (Detector Light Scattering Evaporative Light), farsamo kale oo u baahan bakhaarro kacsan. The acetate ion wuxuu fududeeyaa ionization ee molecules kala duwan, taas oo ka dhigaysa heerka caadiga ah reajin loogu talagalay falanqaynta xeryahooda kala duwan laga bilaabo daroogo ilaa borotiinno.
Sideed ugu Samaysaa Diyaarinta Ammonium Acetate gudaha Shaybaadhka?
Halka qaar badan ay u iibsadaan premix, iyaga oo garanaya sida loo sameeyo abuur xal kayd ah waa xirfad shaybaadhka caadiga ah. Diyaarinta Ammonium acetate Shaybaarka dhexdiisa sida caadiga ah waxay ku lug leedahay milanka adag ee crystalline ee biyaha saafiga ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad u baahan in la sameeyo 10m ammonium Xalka kaydka acetate (oo ah mid aad u xoog badan), waxaad miisaami doontaa qadar aad u badan oo ah hygroscopic adag iyo milmi si taxadar leh.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah waa hygroscopic, miisaankeedu wuxuu noqon karaa mid aan sax ahayn haddii ay nuugtay biyaha. Mararka qaarkood, farmashiyeyaashu waxay door bidaan inay sameeyaan kaydin goobta ku dhex qas acetic acid iyo ammonia (ama ammonium hydroxide) xalinta ilaa pH la rabo laga gaaro. Hadii aad xisaabiyey cadadka loo baahan yahay si gaar ah u dareemo, had iyo jeer xisaabiya miisaanka biyaha haddii ay adag tahay.
Aynu sheegno inaad u baahan tahay mug gaar ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad xisaabiso qadarka loo baahan yahay 70 ml ama cadadka loo baahan yahay xal 70 ml dareen gaar ah. Waxaad ku milmi lahayd ammonium acetate in yar oo biyo ah, ku hagaaji pH-ga adiga oo isticmaalaya acetic acid ama ammonia, ka dibna ku shub ilaa mugga ugu dambeeya. Tani waxay xaqiijinaysaa kaaga Acetate buffer waa sax Xalkan ayaa markaa inta badan la sifeeyaa si meesha looga saaro walxaha ka hor inta aan loo isticmaalin a reajin qalab xasaasi ah.
Ammonium Acetate ma loo isticmaalaa Cunto lagu daro?
Haa, la yaab dadka qaar, ammonium acetate waa loo isticmaalo cunto lagu daro. Warshadaha cuntada, waxa ay ugu horrayn u adeegtaa sidii an xakameeyaha acidity. Waxay ku hoos taxan tahay E nambarka E264 ee Yurub (inkasta oo heerka oggolaanshaha uu ku kala duwan yahay gobol ahaan, markaa had iyo jeer hubi xeerarka maxalliga ah). Doorkeeda sida a wax lagu daro sida nidaamiyaha aashitada waxay ka caawisaa in la xakameeyo pH ee cuntooyinka la warshadeeyay, isaga oo ka hortagaya inay noqdaan kuwo aad u acidic ah ama alkaline aad u badan, taas oo saameyn karta dhadhanka iyo ilaalinta.
Iyadoo aan loo eegin sida citric acid ama sodium acetate, Ammonium acetate ayaa loo isticmaalaa si gaar ah cunto Codsiyada meesha wakiilka kaydinta looga baahan yahay oo aan ku darin dhadhan milix leh (sida sodium chloride) Guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa ammaan tiro ahaan cunto ahaan loo isticmaalo maaddo. The acetate qayb waxaa si dabiici ah metabolized by jirka, iyo ammonium beerka ayaa lagu farsameeyaa.
The isticmaalka ammonium acetate cuntada waxay muujinaysaa astaanta badbaadada xarunta marka si sax ah loo maareeyo. Waxay u dhaqmaan si la mid ah sida khal (acetic acidshaqeeya, laakiin leh muuqaal pH dhexdhexaad ah oo dheeraad ah sababtoo ah ammonium counter-ion. Haddii loo isticmaalo cunto lagu daro ama in synthesis warshadaha, kimistari aasaasiga ah ee acetate kooxda ayaa weli ah qodobka firfircoon ee joogtada ah.
Doorkee ayay ka ciyaartaa falcelinta isku-dhafka dabiiciga ah?
Ammonium acetate waa la jecel yahay reajin farmashiyeyaasha dabiiciga ah. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sida a isha ammonia falcelinta sababtoo ah way fududahay in la maareeyo marka loo eego ammonia gaaska. Mid ka mid ah codsiyada ugu caansan waa sida a kicinta uumiga Knoevenagel. Gudaha Knoevenagel falcelin, ammonium acetate waxay ka caawisaa fududaynta isku xidhka aldehyde ama ketone oo leh xarun hydrogen ah oo firfircoon. The acetate u dhaqmo sida saldhig khafiif ah si ay u soo saaraan hydrogen-ka firfircoon, halka ay ammonium waxay dhaqaajin kartaa kooxda carbonyl.
Codsi kale oo weyn ayaa ku jira Borch falcelin. The Falcelinta Borch waa geeddi-socod dhimis dhimis ah. Halkan, ammonium acetate u adeega sida isha ammonia in ketone ama aldehyde loo beddelo amin. The ammonia ee falcelinta Borch waxay la falgashaa kaarboonyl si ay u samaysato imine, ka dibna lagu soo koobo amin. Tani waa hab caadi ah oo loogu talagalay isku dhafka dawada dhexe.
Intaa waxaa dheer, ammonium acetate Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro imidazoles, oxazoles, iyo xeryahooda kale ee heterocyclic. Waxay bixisaa labadaba nitrogen (laga bilaabo ammonium) iyo awoodda wax-ka-qabashada (laga bilaabo acetate) loo baahan yahay falcelintan samaynta giraanta kakan. Xaalado badan, ammonium acetate oo saafi ah foomka ayaa laga door bidaa ammonium chloride ama sulfate sababtoo ah acetate Wax soo saarku wuu ka yar yahay faragelinta ama si fudud ayaa loo saari karaa.
Sidee Loo Isticmaalaa Falanqaynta Ciidda iyo Beeraha?
Dhanka beeraha, ammonium acetate wuxuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa falanqaynta bacriminta ciidda. Gaar ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa go'aaminta potassium ee la heli karo (K) ciidda dhexdeeda. Habka waxaa ku jira isticmaalka dhexdhexaad ah xal ammonium acetate si loo soo saaro ion potassium laga soo qaado muunado ciidda. The ammonium ion u dhaqmo sida a beddelka cation ee potassium qaybaha dhoobada ciidda.
Sababtoo ah ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) iyo potassium ion (K⁺) waxay leeyihiin cabbir isku mid ah iyo kharashyo, ammonium jir ahaan u rari kara potassium-ku-xidhan ciidda. Marka potassium-ka lagu sii daayo xalka, saynisyahannadu waxay cabbiri karaan si ay u go'aamiyaan inta bacriminta beeralayda u baahan yahay. Habkani wuxuu ku tiirsan yahay ciidda ay ku jirto ammonium ion wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii beddelka wakiil.
Habkan soo saarista waa halbeegga cilmiga ciidda. Waxay ka caawisaa go'aaminta "karti sarrifka cation" (CEC) ee ciidda. Iyadoo ay jiraan wax-soosaar kale, ammonium acetate waa la door bidaa sababtoo ah waxay si cadaalad ah u sawirtaa sii daynta dabiiciga ah ee nafaqooyinka waxayna ka dhigtaa soosaarka ciidda pH dhexdhexaad ah (sida caadiga ah pH 7.0). Tani waxay ka hortagtaa milanka aashitada ah ee macdanta aan si dabiici ah u heli karin dhirta.
Ka warran Biology-ga Molecular iyo Soo saarista DNA?
Dhinaca bayoloji molecular, ammonium acetate waa qalab lagu kalsoon yahay oo loogu talagalay DNA iyo RNA nadiifinta. Ka dib markii saynisyahannadu jebiyaan unugyada furan si ay u helaan walxaha hidde-sideyaasha, waxay inta badan isticmaalaan ammonium acetate si loo dedejiyo borotiinada loogana saaro wasakhda. Waxay si gaar ah faa'iido u leedahay sababtoo ah waxay joojisaa isku-darka dNTP-yada (dhismaha DNA-da) iyo oligosaccharides qaarkood.
Marka loo isticmaalo Soo saarista DNA, xoog badan oo ah ammonium acetate waxaa lagu daraa muunada. Tani waxay kaa caawinaysaa in ay "milix ka baxdo" borotiinada, taas oo ka dhigaysa kuwo aan milmi karin si ay hoos ugu miiraan centrifuge. DNA-da waxay ku sii jirtaa dareeraha. Ka dib, ethanol ayaa lagu daraa dareeraha si uu u soo dedejiyo DNA-da. Ammonium acetate inta badan waa laga door bidaa sodium acetate Tallaabadan marka DNA-da loo isticmaali doono falcelinta enzymatic (sida dheefshiidka xaddididda enzymes) sababtoo ah ammonium ion aad ayey ugu yar tahay inuu joojiyo enzymes-yadan marka loo eego ion sodium ama potassium.
Sidoo kale waa loo isticmaalo in lagu beddelo bakhaarrada unugga hab-maamuusyada qaarkood. Dabeecadda khafiifka ah ee acetate iyo ammonium ions waxay ka dhigtaa mid jilicsan oo ku saabsan xargaha jilicsan ee DNA iyo RNA. Codsigan wuxuu hoosta ka xariiqayaa kala duwanaanshaha ammonium acetate: laga bilaabo tan oo warshado ah reajin ilaa microliters ee tuubada cilmi-baarista hidde-sidaha, adeegsigiisu aad buu u ballaaran yahay.
Sidee Loo Barbar Dhigaa Cusbada Kale Sida Ammonium Formate?
Markaad dooranayso a kaydin ama reajin, farmashiyeyaashu inta badan way kala doortaan ammonium acetate iyo Ammonium Formate. Labaduba waa milix aan degganayn oo loo isticmaalo LC-MS, laakiin way kala duwan yihiin. Qaabka ammonium waa cusbo ee formic acid, oo ah aashito ka xoog badan acetic acid. Sidaa darteed, qaabka ammonium kaydiyayaashu waxay u fiican yihiin pH hoose (qiyaastii pH 3-4), halka ammonium acetate waxay u fiican tahay kala duwanaansho yar oo sare (pH 4-6).
Haddii aad u baahan tahay a xal bakhaar taas oo xoogaa ka sii acidic ah, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u janjeerto formic acid iyo milixdeeda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, acetic acid iyo ammonium acetate inta badan waa ka raqiisan yihiin oo ku filan yihiin falanqaynta guud ee baaxadda leh.
Marka la barbardhigo sodium acetate, ammonium acetate ayaa faa'iido u leh isbeddelka. Haddii aad waddo hab aad u baahan tahay inaad milixda ka saarto ka dib, ammonium acetate waa guulaysta. Haddii aad u baahan tahay milix deggan oo joogsata, sodium acetate ayaa ka fiican. Dhanka milmayn, labaduba aad bay u milmeen, laakiin ammonium milixdu guud ahaan waa hygroscopic badan.
Isbarbardhigga kale ayaa la socda Ammonium sulfate. Sulfate waa milix xoog leh oo aan kacsanayn. Aad bay ugu fiican tahay roobka borotiinka (milix soo baxay) laakiin aad bay ugu xun tahay Mass Spectrometry maxaa yeelay waxay xidhaa mashiinka. Sidaa darteed, cusbo la isticmaalay taariikh ahaan sida sulfate waxaa lagu bedelayaa acetate shaybaarada gorfaynta casriga ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-20-2025
