Potasiyumu yashyizwe ahagaragara: Gushakisha ibyifuzo byayo na chimique imitungo

Potasiyumu, Verisile imiti, ugira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye inganda Imirenge. Kuva kubisaba inganda za peteroli na gaze Kubungabunga imbeho itekanye umuhanda Ubuso, umutungo wacyo wihariye ugira agaciro gakomeye. Iyi ngingo yinabira cyane potasiyumu (Cas 590-29-4) ni, shakisha icyiciro cyayo gusaba Uturere, tuganira ku biranga imiti, bikora ku kwangirika, kandi asobanura impamvu yunvikana uruganda ni ingirakamaro kubanyamwuga mumirima ifitanye isano. Niba ufite uruhare mu nganda zisaba amazi menshi, abakozi ba De-ice, cyangwa synthesis yihariye, kwiga potasiyumu ni ngombwa.

Niki Potasisiyumu ikora (cas 590-29-4)?

Potasiyumu, byamenyekanye na numero ya Cas 590-29-4, ni umunyu wa potasiyumu ya acide. Imiti yacyo formula ni Chko₂. Bigaragara mubisanzwe nkumuzungu, Goodstalline ikomeye cyane mumazi. Uku kwishyuza ni urufunguzo umutungo ibyo bigira uruhare mubyingenzi muburyo butandukanye aho an aquaous igisubizo irakenewe. Tekereza nkubwoko bwihariye bwa umunyu, yashizweho iyo hydrogen ion muri acide isimburwa na potasiyumu ion.

Ibi kama uruganda izwiho kuba Hygroscopic, bivuze ko ikunda gukurura ubushuhe kuva mu kirere kidukikije. Ibi biranga bikeneye kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kubika no gutunganya ariko nabyo ni byinshi mubisabwa. Nka a umunyu wa acide, potasiyumu Saba ibiranga bimwe na bimwe biranga ariko bitunga imitungo yihariye kubera ko potasiyumu yatwaje, cyane cyane kubyerekeye ubucucike no kwiheba hamwe nigihe cyo kwiheba mumazi. Ni a Ingirakamaro Imiti hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha.

Gusobanukirwa Shingiro chimie ifasha kumenya imikorere yayo. Ni an ionic uruganda, bivuze ko zitandukanya potasiyumu (k⁺) kandi zikora (hcoo⁻) iyo ion iyo zishonga. Uku gutandukana ni ngombwa kubera uruhare rwayo muri porogaramu nko gushushanya kandi Gucukura amazi forelation. Anion yonyine ishobora gukora nkubwitonzi Kugabanya umukozi Mubihe bimwe.

Nigute petasisiyumu yakozwe? Gusobanukirwa synthesis

Inganda zambere synthesis inzira ya potasiyumu birimo reaction hagati acide na potasiyumu hydroxide cyangwa potasiyumu karubone. Iyo inyamanswasium hydroxide (Koh) ikoreshwa, reaction ni ukutabogama muburyo butaziguye:

Hcooh (fortic Aside) + Koh (potasiyumu hydroxide) → hcook (Potasiyumu) + H₂o (amazi)

Ubundi, ukoresheje potasiyumu ya potasiyumu (K₂co₃) nayo itanga umusaruro potasiyumu, kurekura dioxyde de carbone Nka nkonguburo:

2 hcooh (imiterere Aside) + K₂co₃ (Carsassiyum Carbonate) → 2 hcook (Potasiyumu) + H₂o (amazi) + co₂ (Dioxyde de carbone)

Ubundi buryo bukomeye burimo reaction ya monoxide hamwe na potasiyumu hydroxide munsi yigitutu kinini kandi ubushyuhe. Iyi nzira akenshi ikora nk'inzira muri Umusaruro w'icyuma cya potasiyumu bikomoka cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bya potasiyumu. Kugenzura witonze uko ibintu bitwara bituma ubuziranenge bwerure kandi bukaba ari ngombwa mugusaba ibyifuzo. Nka a uruganda, kwemeza imikorere n'umutekano wibi Imyiteguro ni igihe kinini.

Ibisubizo potasiyumu isanzwe ihanaguwe binyuze kuri kristu kuva aquaous igisubizo. Urwego rwuzuye rusabwa akenshi biterwa nuwagenewe gusaba. Kurugero, potasiyumu ikoreshwa muri inganda za peteroli na gaze irashobora kugira ibisobanuro bitandukanye ugereranije nibikoreshwa kubibuga byindege inzira Gufata.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'urufunguzo rw'umubiri na shimi rya potasiyumu?

Potasiyumu Erekana ibintu byinshi byumubiri na shimi bikoreshwa muburyo bukabije. Nkuko byavuzwe, ni umweru, Crystalline ikomeye mubihe bisanzwe. Kukesha cyane mumazi (hejuru ya 330 g kuri ml 100 ku bushyuhe bwicyumba) bituma habaho kurema-ubucucike Ibisubizo by Brine. Ibisubizo bifite uburyo bwo hasi bwo gukonjesha kuruta amazi, gukora potasiyumu igitebo cyiza.

• Ubucucike: Potasiyumu Ibisubizo birashobora kugera ku bucucike bwimbitse (kugeza ~ 1.57 G / CM³), bikaba byiza cyane muri Gucukura no Kurangiza aho umuvuduko wo kugenzura unegura.
• Guhatira Ibisubizo bitangaje bigaragaza kugabanuka kwinshi muri FreeZing Point, bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe buke cyane (munsi ya c or c cyangwa -58 ° f).
• Hygroscopic Kamere: Byaba byoroshye gukurura ubuhehere mu kirere.
• Biodegradabletable: Potasiyumu bifatwa na bioderodable, nikintu gikomeye cyibidukikije hejuru ya chloride gakondo nka sodium ya chloride.
• Ruswa: Mugihe gito ruswa kuruta umunyu ushingiye ku nkoni, cyane cyane kuri ibyuma Ubuso Nka Ibyuma na Aluminium biboneka mumihanda nindege, ntabwo rwose bikaba ari bibi. Abagizi ba nabi rimwe na rimwe bongeraho bitewe na gusaba.
• PH: Potasiyumu ibisubizo mubisanzwe alkaline gato.

Gusobanukirwa Ibi bintu ni ngombwa kugirango uhitemo uburenganzira imiti ku gikorwa runaka. Kurugero, ruswa na biodegradoditalitabile itabishoboye bituma habaho guhitamo ahantu nyaburanga. Hejuru ubucucike ubushobozi nibintu byingenzi muguhitamo kwayo Amavuta na gaze ibikorwa.

Ni ukubera iki indanya PATAsisiyumu ikoreshwa cyane muri peteroli na gaze?

Uwiteka inganda za peteroli na gaze yishingikiriza cyane kumazi yihariye ya Gucukura no Kurangiza ibikorwa, na potasiyumu yagaragaye nkingirakamaro cyane ibice Muri ubwo buryo. Uruhare rwarwo rwibanze mubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukora hejuru-ubucucike, Ubuntu brine ibisubizo. Ibi potasiyumu Brine zikora neza Gucukura amazi na Amazi yo Kurangiza.

Impamvu hejuru ubucucike? Mubikorwa byimbitse byo gucukura, umuvuduko ukoreshwa ninkingi yamazi (igitutu cya hydrostatic) kigomba kuba gihagije cyo kurwanya igitutu muri geologiya gushiraho gucomeka. Ibi birinda imyuka no kwangirika. Potasiyumu Ibisubizo birashobora gushyirwaho gutanga umusaruro mwinshi (Kugera kuri 1.57 G / CM³) Ibidukikije-Urubine, gutanga igitutu gikenewe utasabye ibintu byahagaritswe nka Barite, bishobora kwangiza ikigega.

Byongeye kandi, potasiyumu Brines itanga izindi nyungu muri Amavuta na gaze Umurenge. Bagaragaza ituze ryumuriro ryiza, ryingenzi kumurima-ubushyuhe ibidukikije byamanutse. Ibikoresho byabo bike ugereranije na chloride cyangwa bromide muri brines bigabanya kwambara no gutanyagura ibikoresho bihenze. Byongeye kandi, guhuza ibitekerezo byabo hamwe nibigega nibikorwa bifasha kugabanya imitunganyirize. Ikoreshwa rya potasiyumu bigira uruhare runini, gukora neza, kandi bidafite ingaruka ku bidukikije Gucukura no Kurangiza ibikorwa.

Nigute PATAsisiyuri ikora nka potasiyumu nkumukozi mwiza wo gufata?

Potasiyumu ni byiza cyane Gufata umukozi, cyane cyane batonesha inzira yikibuga cyindege kandi zikagira aho zigabanya ruswa ni ingenzi. Imyitwarire yacyo ikomoka mubushobozi bwayo kugirango igabanye cyane amazi akonje. Ryari potasiyumu gushonga mumazi (cyangwa gushonga urubura rusanzwe / shelegi), bitandukanya potasiyumu (k⁺) no gushiraho (hcoo⁻) ion. Iyi ions ihungabanya imiyoboro ya hydrogen ihuza molekile y'amazi, ibuza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imiterere ya barafu.

Ugereranije nabatandukanije gakondo nka sodium ya chloride (rock umunyu) cyangwa chlogide ya calcium, potasiyumu itanga ibyiza byinshi:

• Ahantu ho gukonjesha: Ikomeje kuba ingirakamaro cyane mubushyuhe bwo hasi, bushobora gukumira Imiterere kumanuka hepfo -50 ° C (-58 ° F).
• Igikorwa cyihuse: Irashonga vuba (guhungabana burundu bifasha) kandi byinjira mu rubura na shelegi byihuta.
• Kugabanya ibiryo: Birakabije ruswa Kubyuma (Icyuma, Aluminum) nibikorwa remezo bifatika ugereranije numwotsi ushingiye kuri chloride. Iri ninyungu nini yo kurinda indege, ibinyabiziga, no kurara.
• Umwirondoro wibidukikije: Potasiyumu ni byoroshye Biodegradoble kandi ifite Uburozi bwo hasi mubuzima bwo mumazi n'ibimera ugereranije na chloride, ishobora gukomeza muri ubutaka na amazi y'ubutaka.

Izi nyungu zikora amazi potasiyumu Ibisubizo Guhitamo Abayobozi b'ikibuga n'abakozi bashinzwe umutekano mu muhanda, cyane cyane mu turere twibasiwe n'ibidukikije cyangwa aho ibikorwa remezo birimo kwitwara. Nubwo bishobora kuba bihenze kuruta umunyu gakondo ubanza, kuzigama igihe kirekire kuva byagabanijwe kwangirika no kugabanuka ibidukikije bikunze gutsindishiriza ikiguzi. Ubushobozi bwayo bworoshye de-urubura Ubuso bwongera vuba umutekano mugihe cyimbeho. Kugirango porogaramu zisa zisaba ibintu bitandukanye, tekereza gushakisha ibicuruzwa nka Ammonium ikora.

Hashobora gukoreshwa kuri potasiyumu hashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu byo kwimura ubushyuhe?

Yego, potasiyumu ibisubizo bigenda bikoreshwa nka firigo ya kabiri cyangwa Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe muburyo butandukanye inganda gukonjesha no gushyushya sisitemu. Ibintu byabo byiza bya thermophysical bituma bahora basaba gukora neza Kwimura Ubushyuhe hejuru cyane ubushyuhe intera, cyane cyane kubushyuhe bwa zeru-zeru.

Ibintu bimwe bikora potasiyumu Icyemezo cyiza gitanga umusanzu mubikorwa byacyo hano. Kwiheba nyaburanga ahantu hashobora kwemerera aba aquaous ibisubizo byo kuguma amazi kandi ushubiwe mubushyuhe buke cyane, birinda ibibazo byo gukonjesha. Byongeye kandi, potasiyumu Ibisubizo byerekana imikorere myiza yubushyuhe nubushobozi bwihariye bwubushyuhe, guha agaciro ingufu zingufu.

Ugereranije nandi mavuta ya kabiri nka glycols cyangwa calcium chloride inngurube, potasiyumu itanga inyungu nka:

• Ubukwe bwo hasi: Cyane cyane ku bushyuhe buke, potasiyumu Ibisubizo bifite ubushyuhe bwo hasi kuruta glycol, biganisha ku kugabanya ibisabwa byingufu hamwe nibiranga neza.
• Imyitwarire myiza: Muri rusange itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwimura ubushyuhe.
• Inyungu z'ibidukikije: Biodegradadindite no kuba uburozi buke ugereranije nubundi buryo.
• Kugabanya ibiryo: Gake kuruta chloride brine ibisubizo.

Ibiranga Gukora potasiyumu agaciro Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe Guhitamo Gusaba nkimpanga zinganda, sisitemu ya Hvac, inkomoko yubutaka bushyuha pompe, nububiko bwingufu. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora neza kubushyuhe buke mugihe turi byinshi ibidukikije kurenza amahitamo gakondo ayitera ubundi buryo bushimishije.

Hariho izindi nganda za porogaramu ya potasiyumu?

Kurenga uruhare rwayo muri Amavuta na gaze na Gufata, potasiyumu Shakisha gukoresha mubindi bice byinshi ariko byingenzi inganda Porogaramu. Imitungo yacyo itanga ibikoresho bitandukanye.

• Umusemburo muri synthesique synthesis: Potasiyumu irashobora gukora nka a umusemburo cyangwa reagent rwose kama synthesis reaction. Kurugero, irashobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo hydrogenation.
• Kugabanya Agent: Gukora ion (HCOO⁻) irashobora gukora nkubwitonzi Kugabanya umukozi. Irashobora gutanga an electron hanyuma ube okisided to dioxyde de carbone n'amazi. Ibi umutungo ikoreshwa mu kugabanya imiti yihariye.
• Ibigize mu yandi mazi: Birashobora kuba an ongeraho Mu mazi atandukanye yimikorere aho ibintu nkibitekerezo byubucucike, kwiheba ahantu hose, cyangwa guterejuka.
• Umutezi w'impu: Gushiraho, harimo potasiyumu, gira porogaramu mu nganda zuruhu nkigice cyo gutwika no gusiga irangi, gufasha gutuza igiteranyo cya chromium umukozi.
• Inganda zimyenda: Ikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi no gucapa inzira yimyenda.

Mugihe wenda udafite ishingiro kuruta gukoreshwa mumazi meza cyangwa gucukura, izi porogaramu zerekana ko bitandukanye potasiyumu nka a imiti. Guhuza imiterere yihariye yumutungo - kwitoba, guhindura ubucucike, kugabanya ubushobozi, hamwe ningaruka zidasanzwe zibidukikije - zibikora a Ibigo bifite agaciro hakurya inganda zitandukanye. Ibisabwa byihariye bya buri gusaba gutegeka ubuziranenge hamwe.

Niki gituma potasiyumu itobora ibidukikije muburyo bumwe?

Ibidukikije bigenda byingenzi muguhitamo imiti. Potasiyumu akenshi ugaragara nka an ibidukikije Ubundi buryo bwo guhuza imiti gakondo, cyane cyane umunyu ushingiye ku munyuke nka sodium ya chloride cyangwa chloride ya calcium, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa kuri Gufata.

Inyungu yibanze yibidukikije iri muri biodedadable. Bitandukanye na chlodide, zikomeje ibidukikije kandi zishobora kwegeranya muri ubutaka na amazi y'ubutaka, irashobora kugirira nabi ibimera nubuzima bworoheje, potasiyumu kumena vuba binyuze mubikorwa bya mikorobili muburyo busanzwe bibaho (potassium ion, amazi, na dioxyde de carbone). Ibi kwangirika inzira ituma cyane igabanya cyane ikirenge cyigihe kirekire. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ibisabwa na biokimic ogisin kama ibice.

Byongeye kandi, potasiyumu Erekana uburozi bwo hasi ku bimera n'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi ugereranije na chloride. Ibikoresho byinshi bya chloride birashobora kwangiza ibimera byo kumuhanda no guhindura nabi amazi meza. Mugihe potasiyumu ntabwo ari byiza rwose (kwibanda cyane kuri byose umunyu Irashobora kwangirika), ingaruka zacyo muri rusange zifatwa nkintara kandi idahwema. Ku gahato byayo bisobanura neza ibyuma Kugera mu bikorwa remezo mubidukikije. Izi ngingo zikora potasiyumu ibisubizo, cyane cyane amazi impapuro zikoreshwa kuri umuhanda na inzira Gufata, guhitamo birambye, kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwibidukikije umwanda kwirundanyi.

Nigute gutesha agaciro potasiyumu bibaho?

Uwiteka kwangirika ya potasiyumu Mubidukikije ni inzira y'ibinyabuzima. Microorganism isanzwe iboneka muri ubutaka Kandi amazi akoresha ion (Hcoo⁻) nkisoko y'ibiryo. Binyuze mu guhumeka kwa Aerobic (imbere ya ogisijeni), mikorobe metabolize ikora, amaherezo kuyihindura dioxyde de carbone n'amazi. Indabyo Ion (K⁺) ikomeza kuba intungamubiri.

Inzira yibanze irimo ibikorwa bya mikorobe okiside ion. Ikinyabuzima cyo gusenyuka kirashimishije, kigira uruhare kuri potasiyumu gushyirwa mu byiciro nk byoroshye Biodegradable. Igipimo cya kwangirika irashobora guterwa nibintu nka ubushyuhe, ogisijeni iboneka, abaturage ba mikorobe, no kuba hari intungamubiri. Mubisanzwe bisanzwe ibidukikije, potasiyumu ntabwo ikomeza igihe kirekire, bitandukanye numwonda wa chlodide.

Ibi biodegrafiya byihuse kandi byuzuye nimpamvu nyamukuru kuki potasiyumu bifatwa nk'ibi ibidukikije uburyo bukwiye kubisabwa nka Gufata, aho byinshi bishobora kwinjira muri urusobe rwibidukikije ukoresheje runoff. Ibicuruzwa byayo (potasiyumu, Co₂, amazi) muri rusange ntabwo-biteye akaga ibice byizunguruka. Ibi binyuranye cyane hamwe na chloride ishobora kwegeranya no gutera ibibazo byindaya byigihe kirekire mubutaka n'amazi.

Ni hehe ushobora guhagarika potasisi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru?

Kubona Inkomoko Yizewe kumutwe muremure potasiyumu ni ngombwa, cyane cyane kubisaba gusaba muri inganda za peteroli na gaze cyangwa ku kibuga cy'indege inzira Gufata. Guhuzagurika mu isuku, ingano ya Forme (kumpapuro zikomeye), no kwibanda (kuri amazi ibisubizo) ni ngombwa mu mikorere iteganijwe. Abaguzi bakunze gushakisha inararibonye urugandas bakurikiza amahame yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.

Iyo potasiyumu (Cas 590-29-4), suzuma ibi bikurikira:

• Izina ry'uwakoze: Shakisha abatanga ibicuruzwa byagaragaye mugukora imiti yinganda. Impamyabumenyi Nka ISO 9001 irashobora kwerekana ubwitange kubuyobozi bwiza.
• Ibicuruzwa Byihariye: Menya neza ko utanga isoko ashobora gutanga potasiyumu bihuye nibisabwa byihariye gusaba (urugero, urwego rwuzuye, kwibanda, chloride nkeya). Gusaba urupapuro rwa tekiniki (TDS) na Msds (Urupapuro rwumutekano wibikoresho) ni imyitozo isanzwe.
• Urunigi rwiringirwa Cyane cyane kubakoresha igipimo kinini, gutanga ibicuruzwa bihamye hamwe nibikoresho byiza nibyingenzi. A uruganda hamwe nubushobozi bwumusaruro no kugera kwisi, nka Kands Imiti, irashobora gutanga ibyiringiro byinshi.
• Inkunga ya tekiniki: Kugera kubuhanga bwa tekiniki birashobora kuba ingirakamaro muguhitamo gukoresha potasiyumu muburyo bwihariye cyangwa porogaramu, nka Gucukura no Kurangiza cyangwa kabuhariwe Ibisubizo by Brine.
• Amahitamo yo gupakira: Kuboneka muburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira (urugero, imifuka, ingoma, ibcs, ubwinshi) kugirango ikoreshwe no kubika.

Ibigo nka Chimical Cyimico izoba mu gukora urutonde rwinyunyu zumunyu wa MORMAnic, harimo ibisimba bitandukanye nka Magnesium sulfate na fosifate nka Dipotassium fosifate. Uburambe bwabo mubikorwa bya chimique kugirango umusaruro wizewe wimikorere nki potasiyumu, kwemeza abakiriya bakira ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwabo.

Gufata urufunguzo kuri potasiyumu.

• Indangamuntu: Potasiyumu (Cas 590-29-4) ni potasiyumu umunyu ya acide, mubisanzwe byera, bikomeye cyane.
• Amavuta & gaze: Byakoreshejwe cyane Kurema hejuru-ubucucike, hasi Gucukura no Kurangiza Kuri Kurinda igitugu no kurengera.
• Gufata: Ingirakamaro kandi ibidukikije Umukozi wo gufata, cyane cyane kubibuga byindege, bitewe nuburyo buke bwo gukonjesha, ibikorwa byihuse, kandi bigabanuka kumyenda ugereranije na chloride.
• Kwimura Ubushyuhe: Ikoreshwa nkuburyo bwiza kandi buke-buscosity Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe, cyane cyane bikwiranye no hasi-ubushyuhe Porogaramu.
• Umutungo: Umutungo w'ingenzi urimo kwishyurwa cyane, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibisubizo byinshi, kwiheba nyabyo, bizima, no hasi cyane kuruta chloride.
• Ibidukikije: Byasuzumwe ibidukikije Nibyiza mubisabwa byinshi bitewe na biodegradavidasiyo no kuba uburozi buke.
• Umusaruro: Bikunze gukorwa no kubyitwaramo acide hamwe na potasiyumu hydroxide cyangwa kanseri.
• Voice: Hitamo abakora ibyuma bizwi bitemeza ubuziranenge, bwizewe, kandi batange ibyangombwa bya tekiniki (Msds).