Potasiyumu ikora: Umunyu mwinshi wo hejuru wumunyu uhagurukiye inganda zigezweho

Mu isi nini y'imiti yinganda, ibice bimwe na bimwe bikora utuje inyuma, gukora imirimo ikomeye idafite ishingiro. Potasiyumu ni imwe nkintwari itaringaniye. Iyi kama idasanzwe umunyu gutunga ibintu bidasanzwe byumutungo-harimo nibidasanzwe Kudashoboka, ingaruka zidasanzwe zibidukikije, hamwe n'imikorere myinshi - biyigira igikoresho cyingenzi muburyo bwo gusaba Inganda. Kuva kuri ubujyakuzimu bwamavuta neza hejuru yikibuga cyindege cyakonje inzira, iki kigo kidasanzwe ni ugutanga ibisubizo byombi bifite akamaro kandi bifite inshingano. Iyi ngingo izashakisha siyanse inyuma potasiyumu, Kwicara mubikorwa byayo, hanyuma usobanure impamvu iki gikomeye umunyu ni amahitamo ahitamo mu nganda zigezweho.

Niki potasisiyumu ikora umunyu?

Kurwego rwibanze rwinshi, potasiyumu ni potasiyumu umunyu wa acide. Formula yayo yimiti ni hcook cyangwa Chko₂. Ni kama umunyu, itandukanya n'unyunyu mu myanda ya anorganic nka sodium chloride. Iyi kamere kama nimpamvu nyamukuru yibintu byinshi byayo bifite akamaro, cyane cyane biodegradavidable. Muburyo bukomeye, ni ikintu cyera, kiriba gifite hygroscopique, bivuze ko bikurura ubuhehere mu kirere. Umusaruro wa potasiyumu mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gufata potasiyumu hydroxide cyangwa potasiyumu karubone hamwe acide. Ibice byavuyemo ni ikintu gihamye kandi cyingirakamaro cyane imiti.

Imbaraga nyazo za potasiyumu idafunguwe iyo isheshwe mumazi. Ni byinshi gusohora, yemerera kurema ubwinshi-bwinshi Igisubizo gitangaje ibicuruzwa. Ibisubizo, bikunze kuvugwa nka potasiyumu injyana, irasobanutse, idafite ibara, kandi ifite ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye. Bitandukanye nibindi byinshi, a potasiyumu ikora igisubizo ntabwo ari uburozi kandi byoroshye bizima, bigatuma ihitamo ryiza ryinganda ryibanze ku ndamba kandi kurengera ibidukikije.

Ibi byoroshye nyamara bifite akamaro imiti ifite urutonde rwihariye rwumubiri nu miti. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo hasi cyane Ingingo yo gukonjesha y'amazi, byiza Ubushyuhe, n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ubwinshi amazi udafite ibishishwa nibyo bikaba bifite agaciro. Ibiranga ni umusingi winshingano zayo zikomeye muri inganda za peteroli na gaze, Gufata, na Kwimura Ubushyuhe sisitemu.

Niki gituma kukesha potasiyumu zikora bidasanzwe?

Ibiranga potasiyumu ni ibintu bidasanzwe Kudashoboka mu mazi. Mugihe abanyu benshi ari gusohora, potasiyumu biyijyana kurundi rwego. Ni gushonga cyane mumazi, ishoboye gushiraho ibisubizo hamwe na concrans kugeza kuri 75% kuburemere mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ibi kwishyurwa cyane ni umukino-uhindura kuko yemerera abakoresha gukora a amazi hamwe nubucucike bwisumbuye kandi buke cyane Ingingo yo gukonjesha, bose badakeneye guhagarika ibice bikomeye.

Ubu bushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro mwinshi, birasobanutse brine ni ngombwa cyane. Muri benshi Inganda, biremereye amazi irakenewe kugirango igenzure igitutu, ariko guhagarikwa ibintu birashobora kwangiza ibikoresho cyangwa imishinga. Potasiyumu ikemura iki kibazo yongera ubucucike bw'amazi binyuze mu gusenya. Ibisubizo potasiyumu ikora igisubizo ni igisubizo nyacyo, bivuze ko ari kimwe kandi gihamye.

Byongeye kandi, iyi mvugo Kudashoboka ihujwe mu buryo butaziguye n'ingaruka zayo nka a Umukozi wo gufata na a Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe. Kwibanda cyane potasiyumu ikora igisubizo irashobora kugira a Ingingo yo gukonjesha nka -60 ° C (-76 ° F). Ibi bivuze ko ishobora gushonga neza urubura kandi irinde urubura gushiraho mubihe bikonje cyane. Kuri Kwimura Ubushyuhe Porogaramu, iyi hasi Ingingo yo gukonjesha Emerera sisitemu yo gukonjesha gukora neza ku bushyuhe bwa zeru-zeru, gutanga urwego rwimikorere yandi mazi menshi adashobora guhura.

Nigute PATAsisiyumu yakoreshejwe muri peteroli na gaze?

Mu bidukikije bisabwa inganda za peteroli na gaze, potasiyumu yatwaye uruhare rukomeye nkigikorwa-cyimikorere Gucukura amazi n'amazi yo kurangiza. A Gucukura amazi, uzwi kandi ku izina ryo gushushanya, ni ngombwa kugirango ukoreshwe neza. Birakonje kandi bihimba drill bit, bitwara ibiti byumye, kandi, cyane cyane, bigize igitutu cya hydrostatike kugirango wirinde kuvura biva mumihati yo hejuru.

Uwiteka Gukoresha potasiyumu muri Sisitemu yo gucukura amazi itanga inyungu zikomeye. A potasiyumu ikora brine ni ubuntu, ubucucike bukabije amazi. Ibi bitanga igitutu cyiza cyane nta gukenera abakozi baremereye nka bariye, bishobora kwangiza ikigega gitanga peteroli. Imiterere ion iratanga kandi kubuza gukomera kurwanya imibyimu. Iyo ucukura binyuze mumazi yoroheje amazi, amazi gakondo ashingiye ku mazi arashobora gutera shale kugirango ashobore gukura amazi no kubyimba, bishobora guhungabanya ishyari. The potasiyumu-Bishingiye amazi irinda ibi, biganisha ku mutekano no gukora neza Gucukura Ibikorwa.

Ibi bintu bigira uruhare mubyiza Kurinda ikigega. Kuko potasiyumu amazi ni ubuntu kandi bitangiza, bifasha kugwiza umusaruro kuva neza iyo gucukura byuzuye. Byongeye kandi, ibyayo kurengera ibidukikije Umwirondoro ninyungu zikomeye. Nka biodegraduable hamwe nabadafite uburozi ongeraho, potasiyumu byerekana byinshi bishingiye ku bidukikije ugereranije na gakondo chloride-Bisingi, ishobora kwanduza ubutaka na mazi.

Kuki uburaya bukora umukozi wo kwisumba ikirukije inzira?

Ku bijyanye no gukomeza Inzira y'Indege Kandi ibiraro bifite umutekano mugihe cy'itumba, ntabwo abaribo bose baremwe bangana. Mugihe umunyu usanzwe nka sodium ya chloride ni ingirakamaro mu gushonga urubura, nazo ziranyeganyega cyane kugirango zibeho kandi zangiza ibidukikije. Aha niho potasiyumu kumurika nka premium Umukozi wo gufata. Nigikoresho gikomeye kijyanye de-urubura Ibikorwa remezo bikomeye neza kandi neza.

Inyungu nyamukuru ya potasiyumu in Gufata ni ihuriro ryayo ryimikorere minini no kugira ingaruka zibidukikije. Ikora byihuse kurusha izindi zishingiye kuri benshi kandi ikora neza cyane cyane. Kuberako yagabanije cyane ahantu hakonje, ntabwo bishonga urubura rusanzwe gusa ahubwo ni narunda ibishya Imiterere igihe kinini. Ibi ni ngombwa kugirango ukomeze ibikorwa byindege ku kibuga cyindege inzira, aho no hepfo yurubura ntibyemewe.

Biragaragara, potasiyumu ni byinshi cyane kuruta chloride-Bishingiye ku munyu. Nibintu byingenzi byingenzi byindege, kuko bigabanya ibyangiritse kubice byunvikana, ibikoresho byo kugwa, hamwe nibikorwa remezo byindege. Biodegrafita zisobanura bivuze ko isenya ibisanzwe idasize inyuma ibisigara byangiza nka chloride ion. Ibi bituma habaho guhitamo ahantu nyaburanga ibidukikije, gufasha kurinda urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwibinyabuzima mugihe cyemewe umutekano rusange. Guhitamo Koresha potasiyumu ni amahitamo yo gukora ninshingano.

Hashobora gukoreshwa kuri potasiyumu hashobora gukoreshwa nkibintu byo kwimura ubushyuhe?

Rwose. Ibintu bimwe bikora potasiyumu igitebo cyiza nacyo kikaba kirenga Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe, akenshi uvugwa ko ari firigo ya kabiri cyangwa gukonjesha. Mubisanzwe Sisitemu yo gukonjesha, nkibiboneka muri supermarkets, ibihingwa bitunganya ibiryo, nibikoresho byinganda, a Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe Kuzenguruka kugirango wimure ingufu zubushyuhe kuva ahantu hamwe ujya ahandi.

A potasiyumu ikora igisubizo ni byiza Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe kubera impamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, hasi cyane Ingingo yo gukonjesha Emerera sisitemu yo gukora neza kandi neza kubushyuhe buri munsi 0 ° C (32 ° F). Icya kabiri, gifite ibyiza Ubushyuhe Kandi viso nkeya ugereranije ninkomoko ya glycol, cyane cyane ahantu hake. Ibi bivuze ko ishobora kwimura ubushyuhe Byinshi kandi bisaba imbaraga nke zivomera, biganisha ku kuzigama byihuse no kunoza imbaraga.

Nanone, potasiyumu Tanga inyungu nyinshi mubijyanye numutekano nibidukikije. Ntabwo ari akantu, bidafite uburozi, na biodegrafiya. Ibi binyuranye cyane hamwe na ba firigo gakondo hamwe nibikono bishobora kuba uburozi cyangwa byangiza ibidukikije. Hasi ruswa umwirondoro wa potasiyumu Igura kandi ubuzima bwimiyoboro, pompe, nibindi bikoresho bya sisitemu, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga no kumanura. Nkuko inganda zishakisha ibisubizo birambye kandi bifatika, ikoreshwa rya potasiyumu nka a Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe ikura vuba.

Nibihe bintu byingenzi byinganda bya potasiyumu?

Uwiteka Umutungo udasanzwe ya potasiyumu byatumye habaho kurekwa hakurya inganda zitandukanye. Guhinduranya kwayo nkibintu byinshi brine, icyemezo cyiza, hamwe nuburyo bunoze busobanura bikemura ibibazo mubice byinshi bitandukanye.

Hano hari incamake ya major yayo Inganda:

• Urwego rwa peteroli na gaze: Nkibice byibanze mumikorere yo hejuru, ibidukikije Gucukura no Kurangiza Blud ibigize. The Gucukura Fluid Fluid hamwe na potasiyumu irahatanira kubuza shale kandi Kurinda ikigega ubushobozi.
• Gufata: Nka premium, hasi-gakondo Umukozi wo gufata kuri Inzira y'Indege, tagisi, ibiraro, nibindi bikorwa remezo bikomeye. Ubushobozi bwayo de-urubura byihuse kandi kubushyuhe buke cyane ninyungu zingenzi.
• Kwimura Ubushyuhe: Nk'ikigo cya kabiri cyangwa Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe Mu nganda n'ubucuruzi Sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Imikorere yayo, umutekano, hamwe ningaruka zibidukikije bituma habaho ubundi buryo bwo hejuru kuri glycols.
• Ifumbire: Potasiyumu irashobora gukoreshwa nkamazi ifumbire ya potasiyumu. Itanga ibimera hamwe na potasiyumu, intungamubiri zingenzi, muburyo bworoshye, form yubusa. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane kubihingwa byumva chloride.
• Umusaruro w'icyuma: Uwiteka Ibikoresho bya shimi mumusaruro y'ibyuma bya potasiyumu birimo electrolysis ya poltessium ya asessium ya molten. Potasiyumu Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bujyanye n'imiti yimiti.
• Ibindi bikorwa: Ibona kandi ko ariche ikoresha nkibigabanya Umukozi mubisubizo bimwe, mugutemba, kandi nkibigize mumirongo igaragara yumuriro.

Intera nini ya Porogaramu ya Potasiyumu yerekana agaciro kayo nkigikorwa gikomeye kandi kimenyekana imiti.

Nigute inyamanswa zigira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije?

Insanganyamatsiko igaruka mu ntsinzi ya potasiyumu ni umusanzu mwiza kuri kurengera ibidukikije. Mugihe aho kuramba ari umwanya munini, potasiyumu itanga ubundi buryo bwo guhagarika imiti myinshi gakondo, cyane cyane izo zishingiye chloride. Umwirondoro wacyo winshuti nimwe mubashoferi nyamukuru bakuza Porogaramu nyinshi zinganda.

Inyungu zikomeye zishingiye ku bidukikije ni zoodedaditality. Iyo a potasiyumu ikora igisubizo irekurwa mubidukikije, mikorobe yamanuka mumazi, dioxyde de carbone, na potasiyumu. Iyi nzira yo gutesha agaciro kamere irinda kwegeranya igihe kirekire ibintu byangiza mu butaka n'amazi. Ibi biratandukanye cyane na sodium ya chloride cyangwa chloride ya calcium, itangiza gushikama chloride Ions ishobora kwangiza ubuzima nubuso bwumuyaga.

Byongeye kandi, uburozi buke ninyungu zikomeye. Bifatwa nkingaruka kandi bifite ingaruka nke mubuzima bwo mu mazi, bikaba ngombwa cyane ko bikoreshwa nka deicer aho kwikuramo amazi hafi ni impungenge. Hasi ruswa igipimo cya potasiyumu ifite kandi inyungu zidasanzwe. Mugukabungabunga ubusugire bwimiyoboro, ibinyabiziga, hamwe nindege, bigabanya ibice byo gusimbuza hamwe nigice cyo gukora ikinyamakuru, kigira uruhare mu biguru bifitanye isano, ubuzima burebure, burambye bwibikoresho bikomeye.

Ni iki gikubiye mu bikorwa byo gucukura hamwe na potasiyumu.

Kwibira cyane mu nshingano zayo muri Amavuta na gaze Umurenge, ukoresheje a potasiyumu-Bishingiye Gucukura amazi bikubiyemo uburyo buhanitse bwo kubaka neza. Iyo uteganya Gucukura no kurangiza ibikorwa, a injeniyeri igishushanyo Gucukura amazi Kugirango wuzuze ibibazo byihariye bya geologiya. A potasiyumu ikora brine Akenshi watoranijwe kwimbitse, umuvuduko ukabije / ubushyuhe bwinshi (Hpht) neza aho hantu hashingiwe neza.

Inzira itangirana no kuvanga potasiyumu ikora igisubizo kugeza ku ntego. Ibi amazi noneho ikwirakwizwa kumurongo wo gucukura hanyuma usubize inyuma annulus. Nkuko ikwirakwiza, potasiyumu hamagara Imikorere myinshi: itanga igitutu gikenewe hydrostatike yo kugenzura iriba, imiterere yacyo ion Ihanagura shitingi kuva kubyimba no gukomera, hamwe na kamere yayo yubusa irinda guhagarika ubwinshi bwa restroir. Iki gitekerezo kizwi nka Kurinda ikigega, kandi ni ngombwa kugirango mbashe umusaruro mwiza.

Uwiteka Guhuza neza ya potasiyumu hamwe nibindi binjira byo gucumura byemerera kubiryozwa cyane amazi Sisitemu. Abangavu barashobora guhuza neza imitungo ya fluid kugirango ikemure ibibazo byose byahuye nabyo mugihe Gucukura Ibikorwa. Uwiteka Ubushyuhe ya potasiyumu Molecule iremeza ko amazi ikomeza imitungo yacyo ndetse no hejuru yubushyuhe bwabonetse mubutaka bwimbitse. Ibi Inyungu idasanzwe kora premium guhitamo bigoye no gusaba Gucukura amavuta imishinga.

Nigute petasiyumu igereranya nundi munyu?

Gushima byimazeyo Ibyiza bya potasiyumu, nibyiza kubigereranya nundi munyu usanzwe ukoreshwa mubikorwa bisa. Buri umunyu ifite umwirondoro utandukanye mubijyanye n'imikorere, igiciro, no kugira ingaruka zishingiye ku bidukikije.

Nkuko imbonerahamwe yerekana, potasiyumu na potasiyumu acetate Tanga imikorere myiza mubijyanye nubushyuhe-buke-buke ruswa. Mugihe umunyu gakondo nka sodium ya chloride Bahendutse, baza bafite ibibi binini mubijyanye na kamere yabo ikaze nibidukikije. Potasiyumu ikora ibyiza bidasanzwe nko kubuza gukomeye ya ruswa kandi nziza biodegradadable. Kubisabwa aho imikorere kandi kurengera ibidukikije Nibikorwa byihutirwa, potasiyumu yakoreshejwe Nka guhitamo gusumba, nubwo ikiguzi cya mbere.

Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwa potasiyumu dushobora kubona?

Ejo hazaza potasiyumu Birasa neza nkinganda zikomeje gushakisha kubikorwa byinshi, ibisubizo birambye. Mugihe amasoko yayo arimo Amavuta na gaze, Gufata, na Kwimura Ubushyuhe bakomeye, shyashya Porogaramu ya Potasiyumu biri kuri horizon. The Umutungo udasanzwe y'iyi imiti Fungura inzugi zo guhanga udushya mumirima itandukanye.

Agace kamwe kagusezerana kari mububiko bwingufu. Abashakashatsi barimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku gukoresha amazi ashingiye ku mashanyarazi, harimo potasiyumu, nk'abaguzi b'amazi meza ya modrogen ya hydrogen (lohcs) cyangwa nkibigize bakubite basekuruza hamwe na selile. Umutekano nubushobozi bwo kwitabira ibitabo bya shimi bituma umukandida ashimishije kubuhanga bwicyatsi kibisi.

Mu buhinzi, icyifuzo cy'ifumbire yubusa ni gukura. Nk'isoko yinkomoko ya potasiyumu ikomeye idafite ibyago chloride, potasiyumu yashoboraga kubona kwagura gukoreshwa nkamazi yihariye ifumbire ya potasiyumu kubihingwa byinshi hamwe nibihingwa byumunyu. Nkuko amabwiriza arumanishwa kandi usunike kuri chimie chimie ikomera, ya Ibyiza byo kubuza gukomeye ya ruswa no kugirira nabi ibidukikije potasiyumu Ibitekerezo birashoboka ko bizaganisha ku kurera ndetse birenze Ibyiciro bitandukanye byinganda. Iyi yicisha bugufi umunyu ni uhagaze neza kuba umukinnyi wingenzi muri chimie irambye y'ejo hazaza.

Urufunguzo rwibanze rwo kwibuka

• Potasiyumu ni organic organic umunyu ya acide, uzwiho hejuru cyane Kudashoboka mu mazi.
• Ni top-tier Gucukura amazi Shingiro muri inganda za peteroli na gaze, Gutanga ingumo nziza yo kubuza kandi Kurinda ikigega.
• Nka a Umukozi wo gufata, nibyiza cyane mubushyuhe buke, ntabwo ari ruswa, kandi urugwiro, bigatuma ari byiza Inzira y'Indege.
• Hasi Ingingo yo gukonjesha Kandi imitungo myiza yubushyuhe ituma imurika Amazi yohereza ubushyuhe ku nganda Sisitemu yo gukonjesha.
• Ugereranije na gakondo chloride Umunyu, potasiyumu itanga cyane imikorere myiza muburyo bwa ruswa na kurengera ibidukikije.
• Guhinduranya kwayo hamwe numwirondoro wicyatsi utwara kurerwa no kwiyongera kwa Inganda.