Ammonium acetate, mankhwala palimodzi ndi CAS nambala 631-61-8, imayima ngati mwala wapangodya pamafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi ma labotale. Kuchokera paudindo wake wofunikira ngati a posungira mu Mtengo wa HPLC ku ntchito yake ngati a acidity regulator mu chakudya, izi ammonium mchere ndi zosinthika modabwitsa. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona kuya kwa izi hygroscopic solid, kupenda zake kaphatikizidwe, mankhwala katundu, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira. Kaya ndinu katswiri wa zamankhwala, wogwira ntchito zogulira zinthu, kapena mumangofuna kudziwa za inorganic chemistry, kumvetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium acetate ndiyofunika nthawi yanu. Tikhala pansi mozama momwe izi reagent amathandizira misa spectrometry, zothandizira Kutulutsa kwa DNA, ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lofunikira mu organic synthesis.
Kodi Ammonium Acetate (CAS 631-61-8) ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Ammonium acetate ndi a Chemical pawiri ndi formula NH₄CH₃CO₂. Moyenera, imayimira mchere wa asidi ofooka (asidi asidi) ndi a maziko ofooka (ammonia). Kuphatikiza kwapadera kumeneku kumapereka mikhalidwe yosiyana yomwe imayamikiridwa kwambiri mu chemistry. Mosiyana amphamvu mchere ngati sulphate kapena mankhwala opangidwa ndi chloride, ammonium acetate imakhala yosalowerera ndale, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakafunika malo osasokoneza, ofatsa a ionic. The Chithunzi cha CAS 631-61-8 chizindikiritso chikutanthauza izi mchere wa acetate mu mawonekedwe ake oyera.
Mwathupi, ammonium acetate ndi woyera, kristalo wolimba. Amadziwika kuti a hygroscopic solid, kutanthauza kuti imayamwa mosavuta chinyezi kuchokera mumpweya. Ngati musiya mtsuko wa ammonium acetate lotseguka, mutha kulipeza likuphatikizana kapena kusanduka chisokonezo pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa cha izi, kusungirako koyenera pamalo owuma ndikofunikira. Ndipamwamba kwambiri zosungunuka m'madzi, kulenga ammonium acetate solution ndicho chofunikira panjira zambiri zamadzimadzi mu labu.
M'dziko lazamalonda ndi mafakitale, ammonium acetate nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiyero chapamwamba reagent. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi ammonium ndi acetate ion, imawola mosavuta ikatenthedwa, yomwe ndi chinthu chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mchere wokhazikika ngati Sodium Acetate. Kusakhazikika kwa kutentha kumeneku kwenikweni ndi phindu mu njira zowunikira zenizeni, kuteteza kuchulukira kwa zotsalira mu zida zovutirapo.
Kodi Synthesis ya Ammonium Acetate Imatheka Bwanji?
The kaphatikizidwe za ammonium acetate ndi classic acid-base reaction. Ndikofunikira kwenikweni opangidwa ndi neutralization za asidi asidi ndi ammonia. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyika kosiyanasiyana, koma njira yodziwika bwino yamafakitale imaphatikizapo kukhuta glacial asidi asidi ndi ammonia. Glacial acetic acid ndi wopanda madzi, mokhazikika mawonekedwe a asidi asidi. Liti ammonia gasi amawomberedwa kupyolera mu izo, ndi zochita za ammonia ndi asidi asidi amapereka zolimba ammonium acetate.
Njira inanso ya kukonzekera ammonium acetate kumakhudza zomwe acetic acid ndi ammonium carbonate. Muzochitika izi, asidi asidi imakhudzidwa ndi carbonate, kutulutsa mpweya woipa ndi madzi pamene ikupanga acetate. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pogwira mpweya ammonia sizingatheke kapena ngati cholimba ammonium gwero ndilokonda. The chemical equation nthawi zambiri imawoneka motere: $2 CH_3COOH + (NH_4)_2CO_3 \rightarrow 2 NH_4CH_3COO + H_2O + CO_2$.
N'zothekanso kupanga izo mwa kusakaniza glacial acetic acid ndi ammonia mu a njira yamadzimadzi, ngakhale kuti kutulutsa kristalo wolimba kumafuna kuti madzi asungunuke, zomwe zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha chizolowezi chotayika. ammonia pakuwotha. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera mosamala kutentha ndi pH ndikofunikira panthawiyi kaphatikizidwe kuonetsetsa kuti chomaliza ndi choyera ammonium acetate. Izi zochita za ammonia ndi acetic zigawo ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga acetate zofunikira pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi Ma Chemicals Ofunika Kwambiri Pagululi Ndi Chiyani?
Kumvetsa mankhwala katundu za ammonium acetate ndizofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Monga tanenera, limachokera ku a asidi ofooka ndi ofooka maziko. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala woyenera kwambiri kupanga a yankho la buffer. An acetate buffer zopangidwa ndi ammonium acetate imagwira ntchito bwino mumtundu wa acidic, imathandizira kukhazikika kwa pH ya osakaniza. Chifukwa onse cation (ammonium) ndi anion (acetate) imatha hydrolyze, pH ya choyera ammonium acetate solution salowerera ndale, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi pH 7.0, ngakhale izi zimatha kusuntha kutengera ndende.
Chimodzi mwa zodziwika kwambiri mankhwala katundu ndi kuti zosasunthika pazovuta zochepa. Izi ndizosiyana ndi sodium acetate kapena Potaziyamu Acetate, zomwe zimasiya zotsalira zolimba pamene zosungunulira zasungunuka. Liti ammonium acetate itatenthedwa kapena kuyikidwa pansi pa vacuum, imasiyanitsidwanso ammonia ndi asidi asidi (kapena acetic acid ndi ammonia vapor), osasiya chilichonse m'mbuyo. Katunduyu ndi "matsenga amatsenga" omwe amapangitsa kuti akhale otchuka kwambiri mu analytical chemistry.
Ponena kusungunuka, ammonium acetate ndi zosinthika modabwitsa. Idzatero sungunula mosavuta m'madzi, methanol, ndi Mowa. Mkulu uyu kusungunuka imalola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana mafoni magawo kwa chromatography. Komabe, ndi yosakhazikika kuposa Ammonium sulphate; ngati atakumana ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, amataya ammonia ndipo amakhala acidic.
Chifukwa chiyani Ammonium Acetate Ndi Yovuta mu HPLC ndi Mass Spectrometry?
Mu gawo la analytical chemistry, makamaka High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (Mtengo wa HPLC) ndi Mtengo wa HPLC kuphatikiza ndi Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), ammonium acetate ndi nyenyezi. Ndi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga buffer za mafoni magawo. A buffer yamagawo am'manja imathandiza kusunga pH ya zosungunulira pamene ikudutsa pamtanda, kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala omwe akuwunikidwa (analytes) amakhalabe mu chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha ionization. Izi zimabweretsa nsonga zakuthwa komanso zolondola kwambiri.
Chifukwa chenicheni ammonium acetate kuwala mu LC-MS ndi kusakhazikika kwake. Liti kukonzekera zitsanzo za mass spectrometry, asayansi ayenera kupewa mchere wosasinthasintha pokonzekera zitsanzo. Zosungirako zachikhalidwe za phosphate, ngakhale zili zogwira mtima, ndi mchere wolimba womwe umatsekereza gwero losavuta la ma spectrometer. Ammonium acetate, kukhala zosasunthika pazovuta zochepa, sublimates ndi kutha. Amapereka mphamvu yofunikira ya ma ionic ndi mphamvu yotsekera mu gawo lamadzimadzi koma amasowa mu gawo la mpweya wa chowunikira.
Mchere womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu, monga phosphates kapena sulfates, tsopano makamaka m'malo ammonium acetate kapena Ammonium Formate m'mapulogalamu awa. Komanso n'zogwirizana ndi magawo a HPLC okhala ndi ELSD (Evaporative Light Scattering Detector), njira ina yomwe imafunikira ma buffers osinthika. The acetate ion imathandizira ionization ya mamolekyu osiyanasiyana, kuwapanga kukhala muyezo reagent za kusanthula kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana kuyambira mankhwala mpaka mapuloteni.
Kodi Mumatani Kukonzekera kwa Ammonium Acetate mu Labu?
Ngakhale ambiri amagula izo premixed, kudziwa mmene pangani yankho la buffer ndi muyezo labu luso. Kukonzekera kwa ammonium acetate mu labu nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo Kusungunula cholimba cha crystalline m'madzi aukhondo kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu ayenera kupanga 10m ammonium acetate stock solution (yomwe imakhazikika kwambiri), mutha kuyeza kuchuluka kwake hygroscopic solid ndi sungunula izo mosamala.
Komabe, chifukwa ndi hygroscopic, kulemera kwake kungakhale kolakwika ngati kwamwa madzi. Nthawi zina, akatswiri a zamankhwala amakonda kupanga posungira mu situ mwa kusakaniza asidi asidi ndi ammonia (kapena ammonium hydroxide) mayankho mpaka pH yomwe mukufuna ifikire. Ngati inu anawerengera ndalama zofunika kwa molarity yeniyeni, nthawi zonse amawerengera kulemera kwa madzi ngati cholimba chatsika.
Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna voliyumu yeniyeni. Mutha kuwerengera mlingo wofunika 70 ml kapena ndalama zofunika 70 ml ya yankho wa molarity yeniyeni. Inu mungasungunuke ammonium acetate m'madzi ocheperako, sinthani pH pogwiritsa ntchito asidi asidi kapena ammonia, kenako onjezerani voliyumu yomaliza. Izi zimatsimikizira wanu acetate buffer ndi zolondola. Njirayi imasefedwa kuti ichotse tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati a reagent mu zida zomveka bwino.
Kodi Ammonium Acetate Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Monga Chowonjezera Chakudya?
Inde, chodabwitsa kwa ena, ammonium acetate ndi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya. M'makampani azakudya, amagwira ntchito ngati chakudya acidity regulator. Zalembedwa pansi pa nambala E264 ku Europe (ngakhale kuvomerezedwa kumasiyana malinga ndi dera, choncho nthawi zonse fufuzani malamulo akomweko). Udindo wake ngati chowonjezera ngati chowongolera acidity imathandizira kuwongolera pH yazakudya zosinthidwa, kuwalepheretsa kukhala acidic kwambiri kapena zamchere kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kukoma ndi kusungidwa.
Ngakhale sizikupezeka paliponse citric acid kapena sodium acetate, Ammonium acetate amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji chakudya ntchito pomwe chosungira chimafunikira chomwe sichiwonjezera kukoma kwa mchere (monga sodium chloride ingatero). Nthawi zambiri amaonedwa kuti ndi otetezeka mu kuchuluka kwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chopangira. The acetate chigawocho mwachibadwa zimapukusidwa ndi thupi, ndi ammonium imakonzedwa ndi chiwindi.
The kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium acetate muzakudya zikuwonetsa mbiri yachitetezo chapawiri ikagwiridwa bwino. Zimagwira ntchito mofananamo vinyo wosasa (asidi asidi) amagwira ntchito, koma osalowerera ndale pH mbiri chifukwa cha ammonium kutsutsa-ion. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya kapena mu kaphatikizidwe ka mafakitale, chemistry yoyambira ya acetate gulu limakhalabe lokhazikika yogwira chinthu.
Kodi Imagwira Ntchito Yanji Pazochita Zamtundu Wachilengedwe?
Ammonium acetate ndi wokondedwa reagent kwa organic chemist. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati a gwero la ammonia pakuchitapo kanthu chifukwa ndikosavuta kuchigwira kuposa mpweya wa ammonia. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zodziwika bwino ndi monga a chothandizira mu Knoevenagel condensation. Mu Knoevenagel zomwe, ammonium acetate kumathandiza kuthandizira kugwirizana kwa aldehyde kapena ketone ndi hydrogen yogwira ntchito. The acetate amachita ngati maziko wofatsa kuti deprotonate yogwira haidrojeni, pamene the ammonium akhoza kuyambitsa gulu la carbonyl.
Ntchito ina yayikulu ndi mu Borch anachita. The Borch reaction ndi reductive amination process. Pano, ammonium acetate amagwira ntchito ngati gwero la ammonia kusintha ketone kapena aldehyde kukhala amine. The ammonia mu Borch reaction imakhudzidwa ndi carbonyl kupanga imane, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala amine. Iyi ndi njira yokhazikika yopangira mankhwala apakatikati.
Komanso, ammonium acetate amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga imidazoles, oxazoles, ndi mankhwala ena a heterocyclic. Amapereka nayitrogeni (kuchokera ammonium) ndi kuchuluka kwa buffering (kuchokera acetate) yofunikira pakupanga mphete zovuta izi. Nthawi zambiri, ammonium acetate mu pure mawonekedwe amakondedwa kuposa ammonium kloridi kapena sulphate chifukwa cha acetate byproduct ndizosasokoneza kapena zosavuta kuchotsa.
Kodi Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Motani Pakuwunika Dothi ndi Ulimi?
Mu gawo laulimi, ammonium acetate imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika chonde m'nthaka. Makamaka, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Kutsimikiza kwa potaziyamu yomwe ilipo (K) m’nthaka. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndale ammonium acetate solution kuchotsa ayoni potaziyamu ku zitsanzo za nthaka. The ammonium ion imagwira ntchito ngati a m'malo cation potaziyamu pa particles dongo la dothi.
Chifukwa ndi ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) ndi potaziyamu ion (K⁺) ali ndi kukula kwake ndi mtengo wofanana, ammonium amatha kusamutsa potaziyamu womangidwa m'nthaka. Potaziyamuyo akatulutsidwa mumsanganizo, asayansi amatha kuyeza kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe mlimi akufunikira. Ndondomekoyi imadalira pa nthaka mmene ammonium ion imagwira ntchito ngati cholowa m'malo wothandizira.
M'zigawo izi njira ndi muyezo mu nthaka sayansi. Zimathandiza kudziwa "cation exchange capacity" (CEC) ya nthaka. Ngakhale zotulutsa zina zilipo, ammonium acetate imakondedwa chifukwa imatengera kutulutsa kwachilengedwe kwa michere bwino ndikusunga dothi kuti likhale losalowerera ndale pH (nthawi zambiri pH 7.0). Izi zimalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa acidic kwa minerals komwe sikungakhaleko kwa zomera.
Nanga Bwanji za Molecular Biology ndi DNA Extraction?
Mu ufumu wa biology ya maselo, ammonium acetate ndi chida chodalirika cha Kuyeretsa kwa DNA ndi RNA. Asayansi akathyola ma cell kuti apeze ma genetic, amagwiritsa ntchito ammonium acetate kutsitsa mapuloteni ndikuchotsa zowononga. Ndizothandiza makamaka chifukwa zimalepheretsa kuyanjana kwa dNTPs (zomangamanga za DNA) ndi oligosaccharides.
Pamene ntchito kwa Kutulutsa kwa DNA, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ammonium acetate akuwonjezeredwa ku chitsanzo. Izi zimathandiza "kutulutsa mchere" mapuloteni, kuwapangitsa kuti asasungunuke kotero kuti amatha kupota mu centrifuge. DNA imakhalabe mwamadzimadzi. Pambuyo pake, ethanol amawonjezeredwa kumadzimadzi kuti apangitse DNA. Ammonium acetate nthawi zambiri amakondedwa kuposa sodium acetate mu sitepe iyi pamene DNA idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma enzymatic reaction (monga digestion ndi ma enzymes oletsa) chifukwa ammonium ion ndiyotheka kuletsa ma enzymes awa kuposa ayoni a sodium kapena potaziyamu.
Zilinso amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ma cell buffers mu ma protocol ena. Makhalidwe ofatsa a acetate ndi ammonium ma ions amapangitsa kuti ikhale yofewa pamizere yosalimba ya DNA ndi RNA. Izi zimatsindika kusinthasintha kwa ammonium acetate: kuchokera ku mafakitale ambiri reagent kwa ma microliters mu chubu lofufuzira ma genetic, ntchito yake ndi yayikulu.
Kodi Zimasiyana Bwanji ndi Salts Ena Monga Ammonium Formate?
Posankha a posungira kapena reagent, akatswiri a zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amasankha pakati pawo ammonium acetate ndi Ammonium Formate. Onsewa ndi mchere wosasinthasintha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu LC-MS, koma amasiyana. Ammonium formate ndi mchere wa asidi formic, amene ali asidi wamphamvu kuposa asidi asidi. Chifukwa chake, ammonium formate ma buffers ndi abwino pa pH yotsika (mozungulira pH 3-4), pomwe ammonium acetate Ndi bwino kusiyanasiyana pang'ono (pH 4-6).
Ngati mukufuna a yankho la buffer zomwe zili acidic pang'ono, mutha kutsamira asidi formic ndi mchere wake. Komabe, asidi asidi ndi ammonium acetate nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zogwira ntchito mokwanira pakuwunika kosiyanasiyana.
Kuyelekeza ndi sodium acetate, ammonium acetate ali ndi mwayi wosasinthasintha. Ngati mukuchita njira yomwe muyenera kuchotsa mchere pambuyo pake, ammonium acetate ndiye wopambana. Ngati mukufuna mchere wokhazikika womwe umakhazikika, sodium acetate ndi bwino. Malinga ndi kusungunuka, onse ndi osungunuka kwambiri, koma the ammonium Mchere nthawi zambiri umakhala wa hygroscopic.
Kuyerekeza kwina kuli ndi Ammonium sulphate. Sulfate ndi mchere wosasunthika, wamphamvu. Ndikwabwino kutulutsa mapuloteni (kutulutsa mchere) koma ndizowopsa kwa Mass Spectrometry chifukwa imatseka makina. Chifukwa chake, mchere zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mbiriyakale ngati sulphate akusinthidwa ndi acetate m'ma laboratories amakono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-20-2025
