KH2PO4 vs. K2HPO4: Te Maramatanga ki nga Rerekētanga Matua i roto i nga Kaipupuri Phosphate

Ko tenei tuhinga e whakamarama ana i nga rereketanga i waenga i te KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) me te K2HPO4 (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate), e rua nga waahanga noa o te rongoa phosphate buffer. Ka rukuhia e matou o raatau ahuatanga matū, me pehea te mahi i roto i nga kaitarai, me pehea te whiriwhiri i te mea tika mo o hiahia. Ahakoa he kairangahau mohio koe, ka timata ranei koe ki te taiwhanga, he mea nui te maarama ki enei wehewehenga mo nga hua whakamatautau tika. Ko tenei he me panui mo te tangata e mahi ana me nga rongoa tuku i roto i te koiora, te matū, me nga mara e pa ana.

He aha te Phosphate Buffer? He Whakamaramatanga

A parepare Ko te otinga he taputapu tino nui i roto i te maha o nga whakamatautau putaiao. Ko tana mahi matua ko te aukati i nga huringa pH ka iti te rahi o waikawa he turanga ranei tāpirihia. He mea nui tenei na te mea he maha nga tauhohenga matū, ina koa i roto i nga punaha koiora, he tino tairongo ki nga huringa pH.

Ngā pūreirei Phosphate, ina koa, ka whakamahia nuitia na te mea ka taea parepare i runga i te whānuitanga o nga uara pH me te hototahi ki te maha o nga punaha koiora. Ka mahia ma te whakamahi i nga momo momo pūhāhā, he rāpoi ngota kei roto he ūkuikui me te hāora. He angamaheni phosphate buffer kaha kei roto he ranunga o KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) me K2HPO4 (te konupora hauwai phosphate). Ko te tauwehenga motuhake o enei waahanga e rua ka whakatau i te mutunga pH o nga parepare.

He aha te rereketanga i waenga i te KH2PO4 me te K2HPO4?

Te kī rerekētanga i waenganui KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 kei roto i te maha o hauwai (H) ngota ratou kei roto.

• KH2PO4 (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate): Kei te mohiotia ano tenei pūhui he monobasic pāhare pāhare pāporo. E rua hauwai ngota. Ka rewa ki te wai, he ngoikore te mahi waikawa, koha i te proton (H+) ki te otinga.

• K2HPO4 (Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate): Kei te mohiotia ano tenei puhui he dibasic pāhare pāhare pāporo. He kotahi anake hauwai ngota. Ina memeha ki te wai, ka noho hei turanga ngoikore, ka whakaae ki te proton (H+) mai i te otinga.

Ko te ahua iti nei o te rereketanga o te hanganga matū ka puta he rereketanga nui i roto i a raatau whanonga i roto i te otinga. KH2PO4 whai wāhi ki ngā āhuatanga waikawa o te parepare, i te wa K2HPO4 whai wāhi ki te taketake (ranei kawakore) nga taonga.

Me pehea te mahi tahi a KH2PO4 me K2HPO4 i roto i te otinga Buffer?

KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 ka mahi tahi hei takirua waikawa-papa hei hanga a phosphate buffer. Ko te tauhohenga taurite ka taea te whakaatu penei:

H2PO4- (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HPO42- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

• KH2PO4 whakarato H2PO4- (dihydrogen phosphate) katote.
• K2HPO4 whakarato HPO42- (hauwai phosphate) katote.

Ina he iti te rahi o waikawa (H+) ko tāpirihia ki te parepare, ka tauhohe nga katote HPO42- ki te waikawa, te huri i te taurite ki te taha maui me te whakaiti i te huringa ki roto pH. Ina he iti te turanga (OH-). tāpirihia, ka tauhohe nga katote H2PO4- ki te turanga, ka huri te taurite ki te taha matau ka whakaiti ano i te huringa o pH. Ko tenei kaha ki te aukati i nga huringa pH ka puta he parepare na whai hua. Ko te ōwehenga ka tāpiri ki te painga.

Me pehea te Whakaritea i te Rongoa Puawai Phosphate me KH2PO4 me K2HPO4?

Ki whakarite a phosphate buffer otinga, ka hiahia koe:

1. KH2PO4 (pāhare pāporo dihydrogen phosphate)
2. K2HPO4 (te konupora hauwai phosphate)
3. Te wai marewa
4. He mita pH
5. Ipurau me nga taputapu whakakorikori

Anei tetahi tikanga whaanui (tirohia i nga wa katoa tetahi waahanga motuhake kawa mo to hiahia pH a kukū):

1. Whakatauhia te pH me te kukū o to parepare. Hei tauira, ka hiahia pea koe ki te 0.1M phosphate buffer i te pH 7.2.

2. Tātaihia te nui o KH2PO4 me K2HPO4 e hiahiatia ana. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te Henderson-Hasselbalch whārite ipurangi ranei parepare ngā tātaitai hei whakatau i te tika ōwehenga o nga wahanga e rua. Ko te whārite Henderson-Hasselbalch:
   pH = pKa + rangitaki ([HPO42-]/[H2PO4-])
   Ko te pKa he taumau e pa ana ki te pūhāhā katote (tata ki te 7.2 mo te wehenga tuarua o te phosphoric waikawa).

3. Tātaihia ngā kiore o KH2PO4 me K2HPO4 i roto i te parepare, katahi tāpiri te taumaha molar e whakaatu ana ki a koe e hia karamu hei taapiri atu ki te otinga.

4. Whakarewa nga papatipu tatau o KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 i roto i te rōrahi o te wai māturu he iti iho i to hiahia whakamutunga rōrahi. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia koe ki te 1 rita o parepare, timata ki te 800 pea ml o te wai.

5. Whakakotahitia te otinga kia rewa katoa nga tote.

6. Whakamahia he mita pH hei ine i te pH o te otinga.

7. Mena e tika ana, whakatikahia te pH ma te taapiri i te wairewa iti o te KH2PO4 (ki te whakaheke i te pH) me te K2HPO4 ranei (ki te whakanui i te pH).

8. Kia tae ki te pH e hiahiatia ana, taapirihia he wai matutu kia kawea te otinga ki te rōrahi whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana.

He aha te Awhe pH o te Puawai Phosphate?

Ngā pūreirei Phosphate he tino whai hua i roto i te pH te whānuitanga o te 6.0 ki te 8.0. Na te mea ko te pKa o te hauwai phosphate/dihydrogen pūhāhā tata ki te 7.2 te taurite. Ko te te kaha whakapuru he teitei rawa ina te pH he tata ki te uara pKa. Ahakoa he tino whai hua tata ki te 7.2 ka taea parepare i te whānuitanga o nga uara, tae atu ki te paku kawakore 7.4.

Heoi, he mea nui kia mohio ko te whai hua parepare Ka taea te whakaroa paku te awhe i runga i te pai o te manawanui pH huringa i roto i tetahi tono. A phosphate buffer ka whakarato tonu pea etahi parepare te kaha ki waho o tenei awhe, engari ka iti ake te whai hua ki te aukati pH huringa. Ko te phosphate buffer He pai te awhe mo te maha o nga whakamahinga koiora.

Me pehea taku whiriwhiri i waenga i te KH2PO4 me te K2HPO4 mo taku Whakamatau?

Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i te whakamahi KH2PO4 ranei K2HPO4 ko ia anake, ko te whakakotahi ranei, ka whakawhirinaki katoa ki te hiahia pH o to otinga.

• Mena ka hiahia koe ki te waikawa otinga, ka whakamahi tuatahi koe KH2PO4.
• Ki te hiahia koe i te taketake ranei kawakore otinga, ka whakamahi tuatahi koe K2HPO4.
• Mena kei te pirangi koe ki te kupapa, tata-kore ranei pH, me whakamahi koe i te whakaranu o rua KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 ki te hanga a parepare. Ko te tika ōwehenga o te rua ka whakawhirinaki i runga i te motuhake pH e ngana ana koe ki te whakatutuki.

He onge te whakamahi i tetahi o enei puhui ki te waahi rangahau. I te nuinga o nga wa, kei te whai koe ki te hanga i tetahi parepare otinga hei whakapumau i te pH o te tauhohenga ranei otinga.

Ka taea e au te Whakamahi i te Waikawa Phosphoric (H3PO4) ki te Hangai i te Puawai Phosphate?

Ae, ka taea e koe te whakamahi waikawa phosphoric (H3PO4) ki whakarite a phosphate buffer. Heoi, waikawa phosphoric he triprotic waikawa, te tikanga e toru ona ngota hauwai katote. E toru nga waahanga wehewehe rereke, kei ia tangata tona uara pKa:

1. H3PO4 ⇌ H+ + H2PO4- (pKa1 ≈ 2.15)
2. H2PO4- ⇌ H+ + HPO42- (pKa2 ≈ 7.20)
3. HPO42- ⇌ H+ + PO43- (pKa3 ≈ 12.35)

Hei hanga a parepare te whakamahi H3PO4, ka rite koe tāpiri he turanga kaha, penei KOH (potassium hydroxide) ranei konutai hydroxide (NaOH), ki te whakakore i te wahanga o te waikawa me te hanga i te hiahia ōwehenga o pūhāhā momo. Hei tauira, ki te hanga a parepare huri noa pH 7, ka pai koe tāpiri he nui te turanga ki te eke ki te taahiraa wehewehe tuarua, ka hanga he ranunga o H2PO4- me HPO42-. Ko te parepare rohe mo waikawa phosphoric ka toro atu ki nga awhe maha.

Te whakamahi H3PO4 he uaua ake i te whakamahi KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 tika, me ata whakahaere e koe te nui o te turanga tāpirihia kia tae ki te hiahia pH. Heoi, he huarahi whai hua mena kei a koe anake waikawa phosphoric e wātea ana, e hiahia ana ranei ki te hanga i tetahi otinga me teitei ake kaha katote.

He aha te KH2PO4 He Waikawa me te K2HPO4 He Taketake?

Te waikawa o KH2PO4 me te taketake o K2HPO4 te hono tika ki o raatau hanganga matū me te pehea o te taunekeneke ki te wai.

• KH2PO4 (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate): Ina KH2PO4 ka memeha ki te wai, ka wehewehe ki nga katote K+ me nga katote H2PO4-. Ko te dihydrogen phosphate katote Ka taea e (H2PO4-) te mahi hei ngoikore waikawa, koha i te proton (H+) ki te wai:
  H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + H3O+
  Ko te hanga o H3O+ (hydronium ions) ka piki ake te waikawa kukū i roto i te otinga, ka waikawa.

• K2HPO4 (Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate): Ina K2HPO4 ka memeha ki te wai, ka wehe ki roto i nga katote 2K+ me nga katote HPO42-. Ko te katote hauwai phosphate Ka taea e (HPO42-) te mahi hei turanga ngoikore, e whakaae ana ki te proton (H+) mai i te wai:
  HPO42- + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + OH-
  Ko te hanganga o te OH- (katote hydroxide) ka whakanui i te turanga kukū i roto i te otinga, hanga taketake ranei kawakore.

Me pehea te Whakatikatika i te pH o te Puawai Phosphate?

Te whakatikatika i te pH o a phosphate buffer he mea noa tikanga i roto i te taiwhanga. Anei me pehea te mahi:

1. Ine i te pH tuatahi: Whakamahia he mita pH kua oti te whakarite kia tika te ine i te pH o to parepare otinga.
2. Whakatauhia te ahunga whakatikatika: Whakatauhia mena ka hiahia koe ki te whakanui, ki te whakaheke ranei i te pH.
3. Tāpirihia te otinga e tika ana:
   • Hei whakaheke i te pH (kia waikawa ake): Ataahua tāpiri he waimeha otinga o KH2PO4 he waimeha ranei otinga o te kaha waikawa rite HCl (waimaota waikawa), me te aroturuki tonu i te pH me te mita pH.
   • Hei whakanui ake i te pH (whakaahua ake te mea taketake/waikawa): Ataahua tāpiri he waimeha otinga o K2HPO4 he waimeha ranei otinga o te turanga kaha rite KOH (te pāhare pāhare pāhare) NaOH ranei (konutai hydroxide), me te aroturuki tonu i te pH me te mita pH.
4. Whakaranu rawa: Me whakarite te otinga he pai te whakaranu i muri i ia taapiri.
5. Kati ina tae ki te pH e hiahiatia ana: Tonu te taapiri i te whakatikatika otinga i roto i nga waahanga iti kia panuihia e te mita pH te hiahia pH uara. Kia tupato kia kaua e pupuhi rawa.

Tuhipoka Nui: I nga wa katoa tāpiri te whakatikatika otinga āta me te iti, i te whakaoho tonu me te aroturuki i te pH. Ka aukati tenei i te kaha pH huringa me te whakarite i te parepare mau tonu ona te kaha whakapuru. Ka taea e koe te tohutoro Kand's Chemical Sodium Acetate tuhinga mo te whakaranu i nga tikanga pai ki nga matū rite.

He aha etahi o nga tono noa o te Phosphate Buffers?

Ngā pūreirei Phosphate he tino whai kiko, ka whakamahia ki te whānuitanga o nga tono, tae atu ki:

• Rangahau Koiora: Te pupuri i te pH o nga ahurea pūtau, pūmua rongoā, me te tauhohenga whākōkī. PBS otinga, hei tauira, ko pūhāhā tote paopao.
• Koiora Molecular: DNA me RNA tangohanga, electrophoresis, me etahi atu rāpoi ngota koiora tikanga.
• matū koiora: Te ako kinetics enzyme, pūmua te purenga, me etahi atu tukanga matū koiora.
• Matū: Hei a parepare i roto i nga tauhohenga matū me te titrations.
• Ahumahi Rongoa: Te hanga raau taero me nga rongoa.
• Ahumahi Kai: Te whakahaere pH i roto i te tukatuka kai me te tiaki.
• Nga maimoatanga wai ahumahi: Ka tukuna e Kand's Chemicals nga momo momo phosphates he maha nga wa e whakamahia ana mo te maimoatanga wai.

Ko te biocompatibility me te tangi pH awhe o phosphate buffers hanga ratou hei taputapu utu nui i roto i nga mara maha. Ko te motuhake kukū a pH o nga parepare ka tohua i runga i nga whakaritenga o te tono.

Raparongoā Te Whakaritenga Pūreihana Phosphate

Anei etahi raruraru noa e pa ana i te wa e whakareri ana phosphate buffers me pehea hoki te whakaoti:

• Kaore te pH i te pumau:

  • Me whakarite kia tika te whakatikatika o to mita pH. Whakamahia te whakatikatika hou pūreirei me te whai i nga tohutohu a te kaihanga.
  • Me whakarite kua memeha katoa nga tote. Whakakorikoria te otinga kia kore rawa he matūriki totoka e toe.
  • Whakamahia nga matū kounga teitei, parakore. Ka pa te poke ki te pH a te kaha whakapuru. Ka whakanui a Kand's Chemical ki te ma.
  • Tirohia mo te poke. Me mohio kei te ma to karaihe me to wai, kia kore he poke.
  • I taapirihia e koe nga waahanga katoa? Tirohia kia kitea he tika papatipu mo nga wahanga katoa.

• He tiketike rawa te pH, he iti rawa ranei:

  • Takiruatia o tatauranga. Me mohio kua whakamahia e koe nga rahinga tika o KH2PO4 a K2HPO4.
  • Whakatikatika i te pH te whakamahi wairewa waimeha o KH2PO4 (ki raro pH) ranei K2HPO4 (ki te whakaara pH), waimeha ranei HCl ranei KOH ka rite ki te korero i runga ake nei.

• Puka torere i roto i te parepare:

  • Ka tupu pea tenei mena he tiketike rawa te kukū o te kaitarai. Whakamātauria te waimeha i te parepare.
  • Ko etahi tote phosphate he iti te whakarewatanga. Me whakarite kia kaua koe e hipa ake i te tepe whakarewatanga o te tote kei te whakamahi koe.
  • Ka pa te pāmahana ki te whakarewatanga. Ko etahi pūhāhā he iti ake te wairewa o nga tote i nga pāmahana iti.
  • Te poke. Kia mohio koe matū karekau nga reagents i te poke, a kei te mahi koe i roto i nga tikanga parakore, kaore he poke o waho.

• Kaore e taea te whiwhi i taku pH e hiahiatia ana

  • Mena kua whai koe a kawa a kaore koe i te eke ki te pH kua kiia ake nei, me titiro ki te ipurangi. ResearchGate he hapori pakari o nga kaiputaiao e korero ana i o raatau wheako, ka kitea pea e koe he whakamārama. Mēnā kāre anō te pātai e pā ana ki tō pūpare phosphate motuhake ui, ka taea e koe hono to patai ki tetahi rite.

Nga Taketake matua

• KH2PO4 (te pāhare pāporo dihydrogen phosphate) me K2HPO4 (te konupora hauwai phosphate) ko nga waahanga matua o phosphate buffers.
• KH2PO4 he waikawa, ahakoa K2HPO4 he taketake.
• Ko te ōwehenga o KH2PO4 a K2HPO4 ka whakatau i te pH o nga parepare otinga.
• Ngā pūreirei Phosphate he whai hua i roto i te pH awhe 6.0 ki te 8.0.
• Ka taea e koe te whakarite i nga putunga phosphate te whakamahi KH2PO4 a K2HPO4, ma te titrating ranei waikawa phosphoric (H3PO4) me te turanga kaha.
• Kia tupato pH he mea nui te whakatikatika me te rapurongoa mo te angitu parepare whakarite.
• Mena kei te whakareri koe i te parapara mai H3PO4 titrate ki KOH tae noa ki te otinga ka tae ki te pH e hiahiatia ana.
• Hei haere atu KH2PO4 ki K2HPO4 ka hiahia koe tāpiri KOH.
• Mo te whakamuri, whakamahia HCL.

Ko tenei aratohu matawhānui he tino turanga mo te mohio me te whakamahi phosphate buffers i roto i to mahi. Kia mahara ki te tirotiro i nga tikanga motuhake me nga aratohu haumaru mo o whakamatautau. Waimarie.