KH2PO4 vs. K2HPO4: Ịghọta ihe dị iche iche dị na phosphate buffers

Isiokwu a na-akọwa ọdịiche dị n'etiti KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) na K2HPO4 (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate), ihe abụọ na-emekarị nke ngwọta phosphate buffer. Anyị ga-enyocha kemịkalụ ha, ka ha si arụ ọrụ na nchekwa, yana otu esi ahọrọ nke ziri ezi maka mkpa gị. Ma ị bụ onye nyocha nwere ahụmahụ ma ọ bụ na ị malitere na ụlọ nyocha, ịghọta ọdịiche ndị a dị mkpa maka nsonaazụ nnwale ziri ezi. Nke a bụ a ga-agụ maka onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ na ngwọta nchekwa na bayoloji, kemistri, ma ọ bụ mpaghara metụtara ya.

Gịnị bụ ihe nchekwa Phosphate? Nkọwa

A ihe nchekwa ngwọta bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ nyocha sayensị. Isi ọrụ ya bụ iguzogide mgbanwe na pH mgbe obere ego acid ma ọ bụ isi bụ agbakwunyere. Nke a dị mkpa n'ihi na ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, ọkachasị ndị dị na sistemụ ndu, na-enwe mmetụta nke ukwuu maka mgbanwe pH.

Ihe nchekwa phosphate, karịsịa, a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ihi na ha nwere ike ihe nchekwa n'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ pH dị iche iche ma dakọtara na ọtụtụ usoro ndu. A na-eme ha site na iji ụdị dị iche iche phosphate, molecule nke nwere phosphorus na oxygen. A na-ahụkarị ihe nchekwa phosphate ike nwere ngwakọta nke KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) na K2HPO4 (Dipotassium). hydrogen phosphate). The kpọmkwem ruru nke abụọ ndị a components na-ekpebi nke ikpeazụ pH nke ihe nchekwa.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti KH2PO4 na K2HPO4?

Igodo iche n'etiti KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 ụgha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hydrogen (H) atom ha nwere.

• KH2PO4 (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate): A na-akpọkwa ogige a dị ka monobasic potassium phosphate. Ọ nwere abụọ hydrogen atọm. Mgbe agbazere na mmiri, ọ na-eme ka adịghị ike acid, na-enye proton (H+) nye ndị ngwọta.

• K2HPO4 (Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate): A na-akpọkwa ogige a dị ka dibasic potassium phosphate. O nwere naanị otu hydrogen atọm. Mgbe agbazere na mmiri, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi adịghị ike, na-anabata proton (H+) site na ngwọta.

Nke a yiri obere ihe dị iche na nhazi kemịkal na-eduga n'iche dị ukwuu na omume ha na ngwọta. KH2PO4 na-eme ka acidic Njirimara nke ihe nchekwa, mgbe K2HPO4 na-enye aka na isi (ma ọ bụ alkaline) Njirimara.

Kedu ka KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 si arụkọ ọnụ na ngwọta nchekwa?

KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ dị ka conjugate acid-base ụzọ mepụta a ihe nchekwa phosphate. Enwere ike igosipụta mmeghachi omume nha anya dị ka ndị a:

H2PO4- (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HPO42- (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

• KH2PO4 na-enye H2PO4- (dihydrogen phosphate) ions.
• K2HPO4 na-enye HPO42- (hydrogen phosphate) ions.

Mgbe obere ego nke acid (H+) bụ agbakwunyere ka ihe nchekwa, HPO42-ion na-emeghachi omume na acid, na-atụgharị nha nha n'aka ekpe na ibelata mgbanwe na pH. Mgbe obere ego nke isi (OH-) bụ agbakwunyere, H2PO4-ions na-emeghachi omume na isi, na-atụgharị nha n'aka nri na ọzọ na-ebelata mgbanwe na pH. Ikike a iguzogide mgbanwe pH bụ ihe na-eme a ihe nchekwa bara uru. Oke ga- tinye na mmetụta.

Otu esi akwado ihe nchekwa Phosphate na KH2PO4 na K2HPO4?

Iji kwadebe a ihe nchekwa phosphate ngwọta, ị ga-achọ:

1. KH2PO4 (potassium dihydrogen phosphate)
2. K2HPO4 (Dipotassium). hydrogen phosphate)
3. Mmiri distilled
4. Otu pH mita
5. Beakers na ihe na-akpali akpali

Nke a bụ usoro izugbe (na-eleba anya mgbe niile protocol maka nhọrọ gị pH na itinye uche):

1. Kpebie pH chọrọ yana itinye uche nke ihe nchekwa gị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ị nwere ike ịchọrọ 0.1M ihe nchekwa phosphate na pH 7.2.

2. Gbakọọ ego KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 chọrọ. Ị nwere ike iji Henderson-Hasselbalch nhata ma ọ bụ online ihe nchekwa ihe mgbako iji chọpụta nke ziri ezi oke nke akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Usoro Henderson-Hasselbalch bụ:
   pH = pKa + ndekọ ([HPO42-]/[H2PO4-])
   Ebe pKa bụ ihe metụtara mgbe niile na phosphate ion (ihe dị ka 7.2 maka nkesa nke abụọ nke phosphoric acid).

3. Gbakọọ moles nke KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 na nchekwa, mgbe ahụ tinye arọ molar dị iche iche na nke ahụ ga-agwa gị gram ole ị ga-agbakwunye na ngwọta.

4. igbari na gbakọọ ọtụtụ nke KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 n'ime oke mmiri nke distilled nke dị ntakịrị karịa nke ikpeazụ ị chọrọ olu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ 1 lita ihe nchekwa, malite na ihe dị ka narị asatọ ml nke mmiri.

5. Gwakọta ihe ngwọta ahụ ruo mgbe nnu na-agbaze kpamkpam.

6. Jiri mita pH tụọ pH nke ngwọta.

7. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, dozie pH site n'ịgbakwụnye obere ngwọta nke KH2PO4 (iji wedata pH) ma ọ bụ K2HPO4 (iji bulie pH).

8. Ozugbo pH chọrọ, tinye mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ iji weta ngwọta na olu ikpeazụ achọrọ.

Kedu ihe bụ oke pH nke ihe nchekwa Phosphate?

Ihe nchekwa phosphate kacha dị irè na pH ihe dị ka 6.0 ruo 8.0. Nke a bụ n'ihi na pKa nke hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate nha nha bụ ihe dịka 7.2. Nke ikike nchekwa nke kachasị elu mgbe pH dị nso na uru pKa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ kacha dị irè na nso 7.2 ọ nwere ike ihe nchekwa n'ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ, gụnyere ntakịrị alkaline 7.4.

Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ịmara na ọ dị irè ihe nchekwa enwere ike ịgbatị oke dịtụ dabere na nnabata nnabata maka pH gbanwee n'otu ngwa. A ihe nchekwa phosphate nwere ike ka na-enye ụfọdụ nkwụnye ego ikike na-abụghị nke a, mana ọ ga-adị obere irè n'iguzogide pH mgbanwe. Nke ihe nchekwa phosphate oke dị mma maka ọtụtụ ngwa ndu.

Kedu otu m ga-esi họrọ n'etiti KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 maka nnwale m?

Nhọrọ n'etiti iji KH2PO4 ma ọ bụ K2HPO4 naanị, ma ọ bụ na ngwakọta, dabere kpamkpam na ihe achọrọ pH nke gị ngwọta.

• Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ acidic ngwọta, ị ga-eji nke ọma KH2PO4.
• Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ isi ma ọ bụ alkaline ngwọta, ị ga-eji nke ọma K2HPO4.
• Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịnọpụ iche ma ọ bụ na-anọghị nso pH, ị ga-achọ iji a mix nke abụọ KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 imepụta a ihe nchekwa. Kpọmkwem oke nke abụọ ga-adabere kpọmkwem pH ị na-agbalị imezu.

Ọ dị ụkọ iji naanị otu n'ime ogige ndị a na ntọala nyocha. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ị na-achọ ịmepụta a ihe nchekwa ngwọta iji kwụsie ike na pH nke mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ ngwọta.

Enwere m ike iji Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) mee ihe nchekwa phosphate?

Ee, ị nwere ike iji phosphoric acid (H3PO4) ka kwadebe a ihe nchekwa phosphate. Agbanyeghị, phosphoric acid bụ triprotic acid, nke pụtara na o nwere atọ hydrogen ionizable atọ. Nke a na-eduga na usoro nkewa atọ dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere uru pKa nke ya:

1. H3PO4 ⇌ H+ + H2PO4- (pKa1 ≈ 2.15)
2. H2PO4- ⇌ H+ + HPO42- (pKa2 ≈ 7.20)
3. HPO42- ⇌ H+ + PO43- (pKa3 ≈ 12.35)

Iji mee a ihe nchekwa iji H3PO4, ị ga-emekarị tinye ntọala siri ike, dị ka KOH (potassium hydroxide) ma ọ bụ sodium hydroxide (NaOH) , iji kpochapụ ihe ndị ahụ acid ma mepụta ihe achọrọ oke nke phosphate ụdị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịmepụta a ihe nchekwa gburugburu pH 7, ị ga tinye ntọala zuru oke iji ruo nzọụkwụ nkewa nke abụọ, na-eke ngwakọta nke H2PO4- na HPO42-. Nke ihe nchekwa mpaghara maka phosphoric acid na-agbatị ruo ọtụtụ ọkwa.

Iji H3PO4 nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya karịa iji KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 ozugbo, dịka ịkwesịrị iji nlezianya chịkwaa ọnụ ọgụgụ isi agbakwunyere iru ihe achọrọ pH. Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ụzọ bara uru ma ọ bụrụ na ị nwere naanị phosphoric acid dị, ma ọ bụ chọrọ ịmepụta a ngwọta na elu ike ionic.

Kedu ihe kpatara KH2PO4 ji bụrụ acid yana K2HPO4 bụ ihe ndabere?

Acidity nke KH2PO4 na isi nke K2HPO4 na-ejikọta ya ozugbo na usoro kemịkalụ ha yana ka ha na mmiri si emekọrịta ihe.

• KH2PO4 (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate): Mgbe ole KH2PO4 agbaze na mmiri, ọ dissociates n'ime K+ ion na H2PO4- ion. Nke dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4-) nwere ike ime ka onye na-adịghị ike acid, inye proton (H+) na mmiri:
  H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + H3O+
  Nhazi nke H3O+ (ion hydronium) na-abawanye acid itinye uche na ngwọta, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ acidic.

• K2HPO4 (Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate): Mgbe ole K2HPO4 agbaze na mmiri, ọ na-ekewa n'ime 2K+ ion na HPO42-ion. Nke hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42-) nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka isi adịghị ike, na-anabata proton (H+) site na mmiri:
  HPO42- + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + OH-
  Nhazi nke OH- (ion hydroxide) na-abawanye isi itinye uche n'ime ngwọta, na-eme ka ọ bụ isi ma ọ bụ alkaline.

Otu esi edozi pH nke ihe nchekwa Phosphate?

Na-edozi pH nke a ihe nchekwa phosphate bụ ihe nkịtị usoro n'ime ụlọ nyocha. Nke a bụ otu esi eme ya:

1. Tulee pH mbụ: Jiri mita pH emezigharị iji tụọ nke ọma pH nke gị ihe nchekwa ngwọta.
2. Kpebie na ntụzịaka mmezi: Kpebie ma ịchọrọ ịbawanye ma ọ bụ belata pH.
3. Tinye ngwọta kwesịrị ekwesị:
   • Iji wedata pH (mee ka ọ dịkwuo acidic): Nwayọọ nwayọọ tinye ihe itughari ngwọta nke KH2PO4 ma ọ bụ dilute ngwọta nke siri ike acid dị ka HCl (hydrochloric acid), ka na-aga n'ihu na-eleba anya na pH na pH mita.
   • Iji bulie pH (mee ka ọ bụrụ isi / alkaline): Nwayọọ nwayọọ tinye ihe itughari ngwọta nke K2HPO4 ma ọ bụ dilute ngwọta nke isi ike dị ka KOH (potassium hydroxide) ma ọ bụ NaOH (sodium hydroxide), ka ị na-enyocha ihe ndị ahụ pH na pH mita.
4. Gwakọta nke ọma: Gbaa mbọ hụ na ngwọta na-agwakọta nke ọma mgbe ọ bụla mgbakwunye.
5. Kwụsị mgbe erute pH chọrọ: Gaa n'ihu na-agbakwunye mmezi ahụ ngwọta na obere mmụba ruo mgbe mita pH gụrụ ihe achọrọ pH uru. Kpachara anya ka ị ghara ịfefe oke.

Ihe ndetu dị mkpa: Mgbe niile tinye na mmezi ngwọta nwayọọ nwayọọ na obere ego, mgbe na-anọgide na-akpali akpali na nlekota nke pH. Nke a na-egbochi ike pH na-agbanwe ma hụ na ihe nchekwa na-edobe ya ikike nchekwa. Ị nwere ike ịkọwa Kand's Chemical Sodium Acetate akwụkwọ maka ịgwakọta omume kacha mma na kemịkalụ yiri ya.

Kedu ụfọdụ ngwa a na-ahụkarị nke ihe nchekwa Phosphate?

Ihe nchekwa phosphate a na-enwe oke oke ma jiri ya n'ọtụtụ ngwa, gụnyere:

• Nchoputa ndu ndu: Na-ejigide pH omenala cell, protein ngwọta, na mmeghachi omume enzyme. PBS ngwọta, ka ihe atụ, bụ phosphate saline buffered.
• Biology nke mkpụrụ ndụ: DNA na RNA mmepụta, electrophoresis na ndị ọzọ molekụla bayoloji usoro.
• Biochemistry: Na-amụ kinetics enzyme, protein ịdị ọcha, na usoro biochemical ndị ọzọ.
• Chemistry: Dị ka a ihe nchekwa na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na titration.
• Ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ: Ịmepụta ọgwụ na ọgwụ.
• Ụlọ ọrụ nri: Ijikwa pH na nhazi na ichekwa nri.
• Ọgwụgwọ mmiri ụlọ ọrụ: Kand's Chemicals na-enye phosphates dị iche iche nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.

The biocompatibility na tunable pH nso nke phosphate buffers mee ka ha bụrụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru n'ọtụtụ mpaghara dị iche iche. The kpọmkwem itinye uche na pH nke ihe nchekwa a ga-ahọrọ dabere na ihe achọrọ nke ngwa ahụ.

Nkwadebe nsogbu nchekwa Phosphate

Nke a bụ ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị a na-enwekarị mgbe ị na-akwadebe phosphate buffers na otu esi edozi ha:

• pH anaghị eguzosi ike:

  • Gbaa mbọ hụ na emeziri mita pH gị nke ọma. Jiri nhazi nhazi ọhụrụ buffers ma soro ntuziaka onye nrụpụta.
  • Gbaa mbọ hụ na agbazewo nnu kpamkpam. kpalite ngwọta juputara ruo mgbe ọ dịghị ihe siri ike ga-anọgide.
  • Jiri kemịkalụ dị elu dị ọcha. Ihe adịghị ọcha nwere ike imetụta ihe pH na ikike nchekwa. Kand's Chemical na-anya isi na ịdị ọcha.
  • Lelee maka mmetọ. Jide n'aka na ihe iko na mmiri gị dị ọcha na enweghị mmetọ.
  • Ị gbakwunyere ihe niile? Lelee ka ịhụ na ọ dị mma uka maka niile components.

• pH dị oke elu ma ọ bụ dị ala:

  • Lelee mgbako gị ugboro abụọ. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ị na-eji ọnụọgụ ziri ezi KH2PO4 na K2HPO4.
  • Gbanwee pH nke ọma iji itughari ngwọta nke KH2PO4 (iji belata pH) ma ọ bụ K2HPO4 (ịkwalite pH), ma ọ bụ itughari HCl ma ọ bụ KOH dị ka akọwara n'elu.

• Ụdị ebili mmiri na nchekwa:

  • Nke a nwere ike ime ma ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke ihe nchekwa ahụ dị oke elu. Gbalịa ịgbanye ya ihe nchekwa.
  • Ụfọdụ nnu phosphate nwere oke solubility. Jide n'aka na ị naghị agafe oke oke ike nnu ị na-eji.
  • Okpomọkụ nwere ike imetụta solubility. Ụfọdụ phosphate nnu na-adighi ike sobere na obere okpomọkụ.
  • Mmetọ. Gbaa mbọ hụ na gị kemịkalụ reagents enweghị mmetọ, yana na ị na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ adịghị mma, na-enweghị mmetọ n'èzí.

• Enweghị ike ịnweta pH m chọrọ

  • Ọ bụrụ na ị soro a protocol ma ị naghị enweta pH ahụ ekwuru, gbalịa ileba anya ịntanetị. ResearchGate nwere obodo siri ike nke ndị sayensị na-ekerịta ahụmịhe ha, ma ị nwere ike ịhụ otu nkọwa. Ọ bụrụ na ajụjụ gbasara ihe nchekwa phosphate gị adịbeghị jụrụ, ị nwere ike mekọrịta ajụjụ gị na nke yiri ya.

Isi ihe eji eme ihe

• KH2PO4 (potassium). dihydrogen phosphate) na K2HPO4 (Dipotassium). hydrogen phosphate) bụ isi akụkụ nke phosphate buffers.
• KH2PO4 bụ acidic, mgbe K2HPO4 bụ isi.
• Nke oke nke KH2PO4 na K2HPO4 na-ekpebi nke pH nke ihe nchekwa ngwọta.
• Ihe nchekwa phosphate dị irè na pH 6.0 ka 8.0.
• Ị nwere ike kwadebe phosphate buffers iji KH2PO4 na K2HPO4, ma ọ bụ site titrating phosphoric acid (H3PO4) nwere ntọala siri ike.
• Kpachapụ anya pH mmezi na nchọpụta nsogbu dị mkpa maka ịga nke ọma ihe nchekwa nkwadebe.
• Ọ bụrụ na ị na-akwadebe ihe nchekwa site na H3PO4 titrate na KOH ruo mgbe ngwọta ruru pH chọrọ.
• Iji si KH2PO4 ka K2HPO4 ị ga-achọ tinye KOH.
• Maka ntụgharị, jiri HCL.

Ntuziaka a zuru oke na-enye ntọala siri ike maka nghọta na iji phosphate buffers n'ọrụ gị. Cheta na ị ga na-enyocha usoro iwu na ụkpụrụ nchekwa maka nnwale gị mgbe niile. Jisie ike.