Khahpo4 vs. K2HPO4: Nkag siab qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv phosphate buffers

Kab lus no piav qhia cov sib txawv ntawm kem ntawm Khi2Po4 (Dipsiddogen phosphate) thiab k2hpoDium hydrogen phosphate), ob qho tib si sib xyaw ntawm phosphate buffer cov kev daws teeb meem. Peb yuav tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv Buffers, thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj cai ib rau koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias koj yog tus kws tshawb fawb raws caij nyoog lossis nyuam qhuav pib hauv chav kuaj, nkag siab cov kev sib txawv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sim sim. Nov yog a yuav tsum nyeem Rau ib tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog cov kev daws teeb meem hauv biology, chemistry, lossis lwm daim teb.

Dab tsi yog phosphate tsis? Piav qhia

A ntas yeej Kev daws teeb meem yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev sim kev tshawb fawb. Nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv hauv pH thaum tus nqi me me tshuaj qaub lossis lub hauv paus yog ntxivCov. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev vim tias ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg, tshwj xeeb yog cov nyob rau hauv lub tshuab, muaj kev nkag siab heev rau pH pauv.

Phosphate Buffers, tshwj xeeb, tau siv dav siv vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm ntas yeej Tshaj ntau cov p p p qhov tseem ceeb thiab tau tshaj ntau cov kev lom neeg. Lawv tau ua siv siv ntau hom ntawm phosphate, ib qho molecule uas muaj phosphorus thiab oxygen. Ib txwm Phosphate Buffer tej zaum kaw sib xyaw ntawm Khahpo4 (poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate) thiab K2hpo4 (dipotassium). Hydrogen Phosphate). Cov kev sib piv tshwj xeeb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob feem ntawm ob qho kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg pH ntawm lub ntas yeej.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Kh22po4 thiab K2Hpa4?

Tus yuam sij qhov txawv nruab nrab Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 lus dag nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm pab kas nees (H) atoms lawv kaw.

• Khahpo4 (Potassium Dihydrogen phosphate): Qhov no sib xyaw no tseem hu ua monobasic poov tshuaj raws poosphateCov. Nws muaj ob pab kas nees atoms. Thaum yaj hauv dej, nws ua raws li tsis muaj zog tshuaj qaub, pub nyiaj rau cov proton (h +) rau lub lus teb.

• K2hpo4 (Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Qhov no sib xyaw no tseem hu ua dibasic poov tshuaj raws poosphateCov. Nws tsuas muaj ib qho pab kas nees Atom. Thaum yaj hauv dej, nws ua raws li lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, lees txais proton (h +) los ntawm cov lus teb.

Qhov no zoo li me me sib txawv hauv cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv lawv tus cwj pwm hauv kev daws teeb meem. Khahpo4 pab txhawb rau cov khoom acidic ntawm cov ntas yeej, thaum K2hpo4 ua rau cov theem pib (lossis alkaline) cov khoom.

Yuav ua li cas Kh22po4 thiab K2HPO4 ua haujlwm ua ke hauv kev daws teeb meem?

Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 ua haujlwm ua ke raws li conjugate acid-puag khub hlau los tsim a Phosphate BufferCov. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo nkauj tuaj yeem yog sawv cev raws li hauv qab no:

H2PO4- (AQ) + H2O (L) ⇌ HPO42- (AQ) + H3O + (AQ)

• Khahpo4 muab H2PO4- (Dihydrogen phosphate) cov.
• K2hpo4 muab HPO42- (Hydrogen Phosphate) cov.

Thaum ib tug me me ntawm tshuaj qaub (H +) yog ntxiv rau ntas yeej, HPO42- ions muaj dab tsi nrog cov tshuaj qaub, hloov cov equilibrium rau sab laug thiab txo qhov kev hloov pauv hauv pHCov. Thaum ib tug me me ntawm lub hauv paus (Oh-) yog ntxiv, H2po4- ions hnov ​​nrog lub hauv paus, hloov chaw sib npaug rau sab xis thiab rov qab dua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv pHCov. Lub peev xwm no tiv thaiv kab yuav tawm tsam yog dab tsi ua rau a ntas yeej Yog li pab tau. Tus piv txwv yuav ntxiv rau cov nyhuv.

Yuav ua li cas npaj ib qho phosphate buffer nrog kh2po4 thiab k2Hpa4?

Rau npaj a Phosphate Buffer Kev daws, koj yuav xav tau:

1. Khahpo4 (poov tshuaj dihydrogen phosphate)
2. K2hpo4 (dipotassium). Hydrogen Phosphate)
3. Dej distilled
4. Ib lub Ph Meter
5. Beakers thiab stirring khoom

Ntawm no yog cov txheej txheem dav dav (ib txwm sab laj ib qho tshwj xeeb raws tu raws tu raws tu txheej rau koj qhov xav tau pH thiab kev xav ntsoov):

1. Txiav txim siab txog qhov xav tau ntawm pH thiab concentration ntawm koj tsis. Piv txwv li, koj yuav xav tau ib tug 0.1m Phosphate Buffer ntawm pH 7.2.

2. Laij cov nyiaj ntawm kha2po4 thiab k2ho4 xav tau. Koj tuaj yeem siv tus henderson-hasselbalch txoj kab sib luag lossis online ntas yeej Lub laij lej los txiav txim qhov yog feem tsawg ntawm ob ntu. Tus henderson-hasselbalch kab zauv yog:
   ph = pka + log ([hpo42 -] / [h2po4-])
   Qhov twg PKA yog tus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus phosphate Ion (kwv yees li 7.2 rau tus thib ob ntawm phosphoric tshuaj qaub).

3. Suav cov moles ntawm KH2PO4 thiab K2HPO4 hauv qhov tsis, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov kev puas siab puas hnyav thiab uas yuav qhia koj pes tsawg grams ntxiv rau daws.

4. Yaj suav cov masses ntawm Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm cov dej distilled uas yog tsawg dua li koj qhov kawg xav tau qho loj hnyavCov. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau 1 liter ntawm ntas yeej, pib nrog txog 800 ml dej.

5. Do cov tshuaj kom txog thaum cov ntsev ua tiav.

6. Siv daim ph met meter los ntsuas cov ph ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

7. Yog tias tsim nyog, kho cov th los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj ntau ntawm Khibple4 (kom txo qis pH) lossis nce cov pH).

8. Thaum lub ntev xav tau yog mus txog, ntxiv cov dej distilled kom coj cov kev daws teeb meem rau qhov kawg xav tau ntim.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov phosphate tsis?

Phosphate Buffers yog cov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv pH ntau ntawm kwv yees li 6.0 txog 8.0. Qhov no yog vim pka ntawm lub Hydrogen Phosphate/ dihydrogen phosphate equilibrium yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 7.2. Tus muaj peev xwm ua tau muaj peev xwm yog siab tshaj plaws thaum lub pH yog ze rau PKA tus nqi. Txawm hais tias nws yog kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob ze 7.2 nws tau ntas yeej ntawm ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov me ntsis alkaline 7.4.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo ntas yeej ntau yam yuav yog me ntsis ntxiv nyob ntawm qhov siv tau rau pH hloov hauv ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Ib Phosphate Buffer tej zaum tseem yuav muab qee yam tsis kam muaj peev xwm sab nraud ntawm qhov no, tab sis nws yuav tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tiv taus pH hloov. Tus Phosphate Buffer Ntau yam yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau ntau cov kev siv roj ntsha.

Kuv yuav xaiv li cas ntawm Kha2po4 thiab K2Hood4 rau kuv sim?

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev siv Khahpo4 lossis K2hpo4 ib leeg, lossis hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau pH ntawm koj lus teb.

• Yog tias koj xav tau cov kua qaub lus teb, koj yuav siv feem ntau Khahpo4.
• Yog tias koj xav tau qhov yooj yim lossis alkaline lus teb, koj yuav siv feem ntau K2hpo4.
• Yog tias koj xav tau nruab nrab lossis ze-nruab nrab pH, koj yuav tsum tau siv a sib xyaw ntawm ob Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 los tsim a ntas yeejCov. Tus kiag feem tsawg ntawm ob yuav nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb pH Koj tab tom sim ua kom tiav.

Nws yog tsawg los siv tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov teb no hauv kev tshawb fawb. Feem ntau, koj tau tsom mus tsim a ntas yeej daws los ruaj khov pH ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis lus teb.

Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv phosphoric acid (h3po4) ua kom phosphate tsis?

Yog lawm, koj tuaj yeem siv phosphoric acid (H3po4) rau npaj a Phosphate BufferCov. Txawm li cas los xij, phosphoric acid yog triprotic tshuaj qaub, txhais tau tias nws muaj peb lub ionizable hydrogen atoms. Qhov no ua rau peb cov kauj ruam sib cais sib txawv, txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej PKA tus nqi:

1. H3po4 ⇌ H + + H2Po4- (PKA1 ≈ 2.15)
2. H2po4- ⇌ h + + hpo42- (PKA2 ≈ 7.20)
3. HPO42- ⇌ h + + po43- (PKA3 ≈ 12.35)

Ua ib ntas yeej kev siv H3po4, koj feem ntau ntxiv lub zog muaj zog, zoo li Koh (potassium hydroxide) lossis lub sodium hydroxide (Naoh), rau ib nrab neutralize tus tshuaj qaub thiab tsim qhov xav tau feem tsawg ntawm phosphate hom. Piv txwv li, los tsim a ntas yeej ze pH 7, koj yuav ntxiv Qhov pib txaus mus cuag tus thib ob, tsim kev sib xyaw ntawm H2PO4- thiab HPO42-. Tus ntas yeej Thaj chaw rau phosphoric acid txuas ntxiv rau ntau tus khub.

Kev siv H3po4 tuaj yeem ua tau ntau dua li siv Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 ncaj qha, raws li koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus ntxiv kom ncav cuag cov yam xav tau pHCov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem yog cov kev pab tau muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj tsuas muaj phosphoric acid muaj, lossis xav tsim a lus teb Nrog siab dua Lub zog.

Vim li cas khah2po4 yog acid thiab k2hpo4 yog qhov yooj yim?

Cov acidity ntawm Khahpo4 Thiab cov theem pib ntawm K2hpo4 Hais ncaj qha rau lawv cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lawv yuav ua li cas lawv cuam tshuam nrog dej.

• Kh22po4 (Potassium Dihydrogen phosphate): Thaum Khahpo4 Dissolves hauv dej, nws cais tawm rau hauv k + ions ions thiab h2po4- ions. Tus Dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2po4-) tuaj yeem ua raws li tsis muaj zog tshuaj qaub, Publug ib tug proton (H +) rau dej:
  H2PO4- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + H3O +
  Qhov tsim ntawm H3O + (hydronium ions) nce cov tshuaj qaub concentration hauv lus teb, ua rau nws acidic.

• K2Hpo4 (Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate): Thaum K2hpo4 Dissolves hauv dej, nws cais tawm rau 2k + ions thiab hpo42- ions. Tus Hydrogen phosphate Ion (HPO42-) tuaj yeem ua raws li lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog, lees txais cov proton (h +) los ntawm dej:
  Hpo42- + h2o ⇌ h2po4- + Oh-
  Qhov tsim ntawm huag- (hydroxide ions) nce lub hauv paus kev xav ntsoov nyob rau hauv lus teb, ua nws yooj yim lossis alkaline.

Yuav ua li cas kho cov phosphate tsis?

Kho lub pH ntawm a Phosphate Buffer yog ib qho kev txawj nyob rau hauv lub labCov. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas ua nws:

1. Ntsuas cov THOUS THE: Siv lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas kom raug pH ntawm koj ntas yeej daws.
2. Txiav txim siab ntawm kev coj ntawm kev hloov kho: Txiav txim siab seb koj puas xav tau nce lossis txo cov pH.
3. Ntxiv cov kev daws tsim nyog:
   • Txo cov ph (ua rau nws acidic): Maj mam ntxiv ib tug dilute lus teb ntawm Khahpo4 lossis dilute lus teb ntawm lub zog tshuaj qaub nyiam Thr (hydrochloric tshuaj qaub), thaum soj ntsuam xyuas cov pH nrog PHO MO MOAV.
   • Txhawm rau nce cov ph (ua kom nws yooj yim dua / alkaline): Maj mam ntxiv ib tug dilute lus teb ntawm K2hpo4 lossis dilute lus teb ntawm lub zog muaj zog zoo li Koh (potassium hydroxide) lossis naoh (lub sodium hydroxide), thaum kev soj ntsuam tas li pH nrog PHO MO MOAV.
4. Sib tov kom huv: Xyuas kom cov lus teb yog zoo sib xyaw tom qab txhua qhov ntxiv.
5. Nres thaum lub phob xav tau mus txog: Txuas ntxiv kev kho kom haum lus teb hauv kev nce me me kom txog thaum lub ntsuas phoo ntawv nyeem cov yam xav tau pH tus nqi. Ceevfaj tsis txhob overshoot.

Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb: Yeej ntxiv Kev kho kom haum lus teb maj mam thiab nyob rau hauv me me, thaum txuas lus txuas ntxiv nplawm thiab saib xyuas pHCov. Qhov no txwv tsis pub txaus pH hloov pauv thiab ua kom cov ntas yeej tswj hwm nws muaj peev xwm ua tau muaj peev xwmCov. Koj tuaj yeem siv Kand cov tshuaj sodium acetate Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib xyaw cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov tshuaj sib thooj.

Dab tsi yog qee cov kev siv ntawm phosphate buffers?

Phosphate Buffers yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev thiab tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntawv thov, suav nrog:

• Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Tswj cov pH ntawm cov xov xwm ntawm tes, cov neeg muaj protein Kev daws teeb meem, thiab enzyme tshua. PBS cov tshuaj, piv txwv li, yog phosphate Cov kua qab ntsev ua qab ntsev.
• Molecular Biology: DNA thiab Kheev extraction, electrophoresis, thiab lwm yam molecular kev kawm tsiaj Cov tswv yim.
• Biochemistry: Kawm enzyme kinetics, cov neeg muaj protein purification, thiab lwm cov txheej txheem biochemical.
• Chemistry: Raws li a ntas yeej Hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub npe.
• Kws Kev Lag Luam: Tsim tshuaj thiab tshuaj noj.
• Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj: Tswj pH hauv kev ua zaub mov noj thiab khaws cia.
• Muaj Dej Haus Dej Kev Kho Mob: Kand cov tshuaj muaj kuab tshuaj muaj ntau hom phosphates uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev kho dej.

Biocompatibility thiab tunable pH ntau ntawm Phosphate Buffers Ua rau lawv lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim teb sib txawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb kev xav ntsoov thiab pH ntawm lub ntas yeej yuav raug xaiv raws li cov cai ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

Kev daws teeb meem xov tooj phosphate kev npaj ua haujlwm

Nov yog qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum npaj Phosphate Buffers thiab yuav daws lawv li cas:

• Ph yuav tsis ruaj khov:

  • Nco ntsoov tias koj lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntev tau kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Siv cov tshuaj calibration tshiab tsis thiab ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia.
  • Ua kom cov salts yog yaj tag nrho. Do cov lus teb Ua kom huv si kom txog thaum tsis muaj cov khoom ruaj khov nyob twj ywm.
  • Siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo, huv si. Impurities tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub pH thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau muaj peev xwm. Kand cov tshuaj muaj kuab lom nws tus kheej ntawm kev coj dawb huv.
  • Kuaj rau kev sib kis. Nco ntsoov tias koj cov iav thiab dej huv si thiab tsis muaj kuab.
  • Koj puas tau ntxiv tag nrho cov Cheebtsam? Kuaj xyuas tias qhov tseeb qho hnyav Rau txhua yam.

• Ph yog siab dhau los yog tsawg heev:

  • Muab ob qho kev suav nrog koj. Nco ntsoov tias koj tau siv qhov tseeb ntawm Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4.
  • Kho qhov tseeb siv dilute daws ntawm Khahpo4 (kom qis dua pH) lossis K2hpo4 (los tsa pH), lossis dilute Thr lossis Koh raws li tau piav saum toj no.

• Precipate cov ntawv hauv lub tsis:

  • Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog hais tias kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tsis yog siab dhau. Sim diluting lub ntas yeej.
  • Qee cov ntsev phosphate muaj tsawg solubility. Nco ntsoov tias koj tsis tshaj lub solubility txwv ntawm cov nyeem ntsev koj siv.
  • Kub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam solubility. Ib co phosphate Cov ntsev muaj cov suab nrov tsawg dua ntawm qhov kub qis dua.
  • Tsis huvCov. Nco ntsoov tias koj tshuaj Reagents yog pub dawb los ntawm kev sib kis, thiab koj tau ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej tsis huv, tsis muaj kev paug tawm sab nraud

• Tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kuv cov Phem Xav

  • Yog tias koj tau ua raws li a raws tu raws tu raws tu txheej thiab koj tsis ua tiav cov lus teev tseg, sim saib ntawm hauv internet. Neeg sab laj muaj lub zej zog ruaj khov ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas tab tom qhia txog lawv txoj kev paub dhau los, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom ib qho lus piavCov. Yog tias lo lus nug txog koj cov phosphate tshwj xeeb tsis tau muaj nug, koj tuaj yeem hais txog Koj cov lus nug rau ib qho zoo sib xws.

Tseem Ceeb Takaways

• Khahpo4 (poov tshuaj Dihydrogen phosphate) thiab K2hpo4 (dipotassium). Hydrogen Phosphate) yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm Phosphate Buffers.
• Khahpo4 yog acidic, thaum K2hpo4 yog theem pib.
• Tus feem tsawg ntawm Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4 txiav txim siab pH ntawm lub ntas yeej daws.
• Phosphate Buffers muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv pH ntau ntawm 6.0 txog 8.0.
• Koj tuaj yeem ua tau Npaj phosphate buffers kev siv Khahpo4 thiab K2hpo4, los yog los ntawm lub sijhawm phosphoric acid (H3po4) Nrog lub hauv paus muaj zog.
• Ceev faj pH kev hloov kho thiab daws teeb meem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntas yeej kev npaj.
• Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsis los ntawm H3po4 Titrate nrog Koh kom txog rau thaum lus teb Mus txog lub Ph Phaj Xav Xav tau.
• Mus los ntawm Khahpo4 rau K2hpo4 koj yuav xav tau Ntxiv koh.
• Rau thim rov qab, siv Thr.

Qhov kev qhia dav dav no muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau kev nkag siab thiab siv Phosphate Buffers hauv koj txoj haujlwm. Nco ntsoov kom ib txwm sab laj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab cov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb rau koj cov kev sim. Hmoov zoo.