Kh2po4 vs. K2HPO4: fahimtar mahimman bambance-bambance a cikin phosphate bufers

Wannan labarin ya bayyana bambance-bambance tsakanin Kh2po4 (potassium dirnad phosphate) da k2ho4 (abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su biyu na mafita na phosphate). Za mu shiga cikin kadarorinsu na sunadarai, yadda suke aiki a cikin buffers, da kuma yadda za a zabi wanda ya dace don takamaiman bukatunku. Ko kai mai bincike ne na roba ko kawai farawa a cikin lab, fahimtar wadannan bambance-bambancen yana da mahimmanci don cikakken sakamakon gwaji. Wannan a dole ne karanta Ga kowa da mafita a cikin mafita mafita a cikin ilmin halitta, sunadarai, ko filayen da suka shafi.

Mene ne mai ɗaukar hoto na phosphate? Bayani

A zubafer Magani shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da yawa. Babban aikinta shine yin tsayayya da canje-canje a ciki pH Lokacin da adadi kaɗan na na maɗaci ko tushe kara. Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda halayen sunadarai, musamman waɗanda a cikin tsarin nazarin halittu, suna da matukar kula da canje-canje na pH.

Abubuwan buffer na Phosphate, musamman, ana amfani dashi sosai saboda suna iya zubafer sama da kewayon ƙimar PH kuma sun dace da tsarin nazarin halittu da yawa. An yi su ta amfani da nau'ikan phosphate, kwayoyin halitta wanda ya ƙunshi phosphorus da oxygen. Na hali Buffer Buffer da ƙarfi ɗauka Cakuda Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrate phosphate) da K2PO4 (dippassium Hydrogen phosphate). Takamaiman rabo daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin guda biyu suna tantance ƙarshe pH na zubafer.

Menene banbanci tsakanin Kh2po4 da K2HPO4?

Makullin bambanci tsakanin Kh2po4 da K2PO4 ya ta'allaka ne a yawan hydrogen (H) atoms su ɗauka.

• Kh2po4 (Potassium Dihyydrate Phosphate): Wannan fili kuma ana kiranta da Monobasic potassium phosphate. Yana da biyu hydrogen atoms. Lokacin da aka narkar da ruwa, yana aiki a matsayin rauni na maɗaci, bayar da gudummawar proton (H +) ga bayani.

• K2PO4 (Divotassium hydraten phosphate): Wannan fili kuma ana kiranta da Dibasic potassium phosphate. Yana da daya kawai hydrogen zarra. Lokacin da aka narkar da ruwa, yana aiki azaman rauni, yarda da proton (H +) daga bayani.

Wannan karamin bambanci ne a tsarin sunadarai yana haifar da mahimman bambance-bambance a cikin yanayinsu a cikin bayani. Kh2po4 yana ba da gudummawa ga kaddarorin acidic na zubafer, yayin K2PO4 yana ba da gudummawa ga ainihin (ko alkaline) kaddarorin.

Ta yaya Kh2po4 da K2HPOU4 suna aiki tare a cikin mafita mai amfani?

Kh2po4 da K2PO4 Yi aiki tare a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto-acid na acid don ƙirƙirar a Buffer Buffer. Za'a iya wakilta martani na daidaitawa kamar haka:

H2po4- (AQ) + H2O (l) ⇌ hpo42- (AQ) + H3O + (AQ)

• Kh2po4 yana samar da H2po4- (Dihydrasen phosphateions.
• K2PO4 yana samar da hpo42- (Hydrogen phosphateions.

Lokacin da karamin adadin na maɗaci (H +) shine kara ga zubafer, hpo42- ions amsa tare da na maɗaci, canza daidaitaccen ma'auni zuwa hagu da kuma rage canji a ciki pH. Lokacin da karamin adadin tushe (oh-) shine kara, h224- ions amsa tare da gindi, yana canza daidaitaccen daidaito zuwa dama da kuma rage girman canjin pH. Wannan ikon yin tsayayya da canje-canje na ph shine abin da ke sa zubafer da amfani. Rabo zai haɗa zuwa sakamako.

Yadda za a shirya ingantaccen bayani tare da Kh2po4 da K2HPO4?

Zuwa shirya a Buffer Buffer bayani, zaku buƙaci:

1. Kh2po4 (potassium drishatogen phosphate)
2. K2PO4 (dippassium Hydrogen phosphate)
3. Distilled ruwa
4. M mita
5. Masu kyautuka da kayan motsa jiki

Ga Gaba ɗaya hanya (koyaushe ka nemi takamaiman kasawa Don abin da kuke so pH da taro):

1. Tantance ph da ake so da kuma maida hankali ga mai bubarka. Misali, zaku iya son 0.1m Buffer Buffer A PH 7.2.

2. Lissafta adadin Kh2po4 da K2ho4 da ake buƙata. Kuna iya amfani da Henderson-Hasselbalch daidaituwa ko kan layi zubafer Lissafi don tantance daidai rabo na bangarorin biyu. Henderson-Hasselbalch daidaitawa shine:
   pH = Pka + Log ([hpo42 -] / [h2po4-])
   Inda Pka ke da alaƙa da phosphate ion (kamar 7.2 don rabon na biyu na phosphoric na maɗaci).

3. Lissafta moles na Kh2po4 da K2HPO4 a cikin Buffer, to haɗa nauyin morar da kuma hakan zai gaya muku nawa grams don ƙara wa bayani.

4. Narke da lissafin lissafi na Kh2po4 da K2PO4 A cikin girma na ruwa mai narkewa wanda yake da kaɗan fiye da yadda kuke so girma. Misali, idan kuna son lita 1 na zubafer, fara da kusan 800 ml na ruwa.

5. Damar da mafita har sai salts sun narke gaba daya.

6. Yi amfani da mita pH don auna PH na mafita.

7. Idan ya cancanta, daidaita ph ta ƙara yawan adadin maganin da aka daukaka na ko dai Kh2po4 (don rage pH) ko K2HPO4 (don haɓaka PH).

8. Da zarar an kai ph da ake so, ƙara distilled ruwa don kawo mafita ga ƙarar da ake so.

Mene ne fannin Buffte na Phosphate?

Abubuwan buffer na Phosphate sun fi tasiri a cikin pH kewayon kusan 6.0 zuwa 8.0. Wannan saboda Pka na Hydrogen phosphate/ Dhohydrogen phosphate daidaito yana kusa da 7.2. Da karfin gwiwa mafi girma lokacin da pH yana kusa da darajar Pka. Kodayake ya fi dacewa kusa da 7.2 zai iya zubafer a kewayon dabi'u, ciki har da dan kadan alkaline 7.4.

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa mai amfani zubafer Range na iya zama dan kadan ya kara da cewa saboda yarda da yarda pH canza a cikin wani aikace-aikace. A Buffer Buffer na iya samar da wasu gaggairi karfin waje da wannan kewayon, amma ba zai zama da tasiri a tsayayya ba pH canje-canje. Da Buffer Buffer Range ya dace da aikace-aikacen nazarin halittu da yawa.

Ta yaya zan zabi tsakanin Kh2po4 da K2HPO4 na gwajin na?

Zabi tsakanin amfani Kh2po4 ko K2PO4 shi kadai, ko a hade, ya dogara da gaba ɗaya akan abin da ake so pH na bayani.

• Idan kana buƙatar acidic bayani, zaku yi amfani da farko Kh2po4.
• Idan kuna buƙatar asali ko alkaline bayani, zaku yi amfani da farko K2PO4.
• Idan kana buƙatar tsaka tsaki ko kusa-tsaka pH, kuna buƙatar amfani da a harhaɗa na biyu Kh2po4 da K2PO4 Don ƙirƙirar A zubafer. Da ainihin rabo na biyun za su dogara da takamaiman pH Kuna ƙoƙarin cimmawa.

Yana da wuya a amfani da ɗayan waɗannan mahadi a cikin saiti na bincike. Mafi yawan lokuta, kuna nufin ƙirƙirar zubafer bayani don daidaita pH na dauki ko bayani.

Zan iya amfani da phosphoric acid (H3PO4) don yin buhu mai amfani da phosphate?

Ee, zaka iya amfani phosphoric acid (H3po4) zuwa shirya a Buffer Buffer. Koyaya, phosphoric acid wani abu ne mai kyau na maɗaci, ma'ana yana da hydrogen zarra uku. Wannan yana haifar da matakai uku daban-daban na rarrabuwa, kowannensu da nasa darajar Pka:

1. H3PO4 ⇌ H + + H2Po4- (Pka1 ≈ 2.15)
2. H2po4- ⇌ H + + hpo42- (Pka2 ≈ 7.20)
3. Hpo42- ⇌ H + + PO43- (Pka3 ≈ 12.35)

Don yin zubafer ta amfani H3po4, yawanci za ku yi yawa haɗa babban tushe, kamar Kah (potassium hydroxide) ko sodium Hydroxide (Naoh), don hana shi na maɗaci da kirkirar da ake so rabo na phosphate nau'in. Misali, don ƙirƙirar zubafer kewaye pH 7, da zakuyi haɗa Isasshen tushe don isa mataki na biyu na rashin daidaituwa na biyu, ƙirƙirar cakuda H2po4- da hpo42-. Da zubafer yankin don phosphoric acid ya shimfida ga adadin da yawa.

Ta amfani H3po4 na iya zama mai rikitarwa fiye da amfani Kh2po4 da K2PO4 kai tsaye, kamar yadda kake buƙatar sarrafa adadin tushen kara don isa ga abin da ake so pH. Koyaya, zai iya zama hanya mai amfani idan kuna da phosphoric acid Akwai, ko son ƙirƙirar a bayani tare da mafi girma ionic karfi.

Me yasa kh2po4 acid ne da K2HPO4 na asali ne?

A acidity na Kh2po4 da na asali na K2PO4 Ka ba da alaƙa da tsarin sunadarai da yadda suke hulɗa da ruwa.

• Kh2po4 (potassium dihydrate phosphate): Yaushe Kh2po4 Narrunar cikin ruwa, yana narkewa cikin k + ions da H2po4- ions. Da Dihydrasen phosphate ion ion (H2po4-) na iya aiki a matsayin mai rauni na maɗaci, bayar da gudummawar proton (H +) zuwa ruwa:
  H2po4- + H2o ⇌ hpo42- + H3o +
  Samuwar H3O + (Ions Hydronium Ions) yana ƙaruwa na maɗaci taro a cikin bayani, yin acidic.

• K2HPO4 (Nextassium Hydrate Phosphate): Yaushe K2PO4 NUNA A cikin ruwa, yana narkewa cikin 2K + ions da Hpo42- ions. Da Hydrogen ion ion (Hpo42-) na iya yin aiki azaman rauni, yarda da proton (h +) daga ruwa:
  Hpo42- + h2o ⇌ h2po4- + + oh-
  Samuwar oh- (hydroxide ions) yana kara tushe taro a cikin bayani, sanya shi asali ko alkaline.

Yadda za a daidaita PH na Buffiyar Buffet?

Daidaita da pH na Buffer Buffer abu ne na kowa m a cikin Lab. Ga yadda za a yi:

1. Auna daga ph: Yi amfani da mibrated ph mita don auna daidai gwargwado pH na zubafer bayani.
2. Yanke shawara akan shugabanci na daidaitawa: Tantance ko kuna buƙatar ƙara ko rage pH.
3. Addara maganin da ya dace:
   • Don rage ph (sa shi ƙarin acidic): A hankali haɗa mai tsarma bayani na Kh2po4 ko tsarma bayani na mai karfi na maɗaci kamar Hcl (hydrochloric na maɗaci), yayin da ci gaba da saka idanu pH tare da Mita.
   • Don haɓaka ph (sa shi ƙarin asali / Alkaline): A hankali haɗa mai tsarma bayani na K2PO4 ko tsarma bayani na karfi mai karfi kamar Kah (potassium hydroxide) ko naoh (sodium hydroxide), yayin da ci gaba da saka idanu da pH tare da Mita.
4. Mix sosai: Tabbatar da bayani ya hade sosai bayan kowane Bugu da kari.
5. Tsaya lokacin da aka cimma ruwa: Ci gaba da ƙara daidaitawa bayani A cikin ƙananan karbar har sai da miter na pH yana karanta abin da ake so pH darajar. Yi hankali da orusa.

Muhimmin bayanin kula: Kulluyaumin haɗa daidaitawa bayani sannu a hankali kuma a cikin adadi kaɗan, yayin da ci gaba da motsawa da lura da pH. Wannan yana hana masarauta pH canje-canje da tabbatar da zubafer yana kula da shi karfin gwiwa. Kuna iya tunani Kand na Sodius Sodium Acetate Takardun don haɗawa mafi kyawun abubuwa tare da sinadarai masu yawa.

Menene wasu aikace-aikacen gama gari na phosphate masu buppers?

Abubuwan buffer na Phosphate suna da bambanci mai ban mamaki kuma ana amfani da su ta hanyar aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da:

• Binciken Nazarin: Rike da pH na al'adun tantanin, furotin mafita, da kuma enzyme halayen. Pbs bayani, alal misali, shine phosphate Siyara ta yi.
• Ilmin ilimin kwayoyin halitta: DNA da Rnana hakar, electrophoresesis, da sauran ƙwayar cuta ilmin dabbobi dabaru.
• Nazarin biochemistry: Karatun enzyme na enzyme, furotin Tsarkakewa, da sauran matakan biochathical.
• Sunadarai: A matsayin zubafer a cikin halayen sunadarai da masu taken.
• Masana'antar masana'antu: Magunguna da magunguna.
• Masana'antar Abinci: Sarrafa pH A cikin sarrafa abinci da kuma adanawa.
• Jiyya na masana'antu: Kayan ƙwayoyin Kand sun ba da dama na phosphates ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin maganin ruwa.

Da biocompatilsila da kuma abin rufewa pH kewayon phosphate buffers sanya su kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin filaye daban-daban. Musamman taro da pH na zubafer za a zaɓa dangane da bukatun musamman aikace-aikace.

Shirya matsala Phosphate Shiryawa

Anan akwai wasu matsalolin gama gari da aka ci karo da shiri phosphate buffers da kuma yadda za a warware su:

• ph ba amintaccen:

  • Tabbatar cewa an kwashe et na pH daidai. Yi amfani da cikakken daidaitawa wando kuma bi umarnin mai samarwa.
  • Tabbatar da sinadarin da aka narke gaba daya. Dama da bayani Cibya har sosai har sai babu barbashi mai ƙarfi.
  • Yi amfani da ingancin gaske, tsarkakakken sunadarai. Impurities na iya shafar da pH da karfin gwiwa. Kasuwancin Kand na Kand ɗin kansa akan tsarkakewa.
  • Duba don gurbatawa. Tabbatar cewa gilashin ku da ruwa suna da tsabta kuma kyauta ne na gurbata.
  • Shin kun ƙara duk abubuwan haɗin? Duba don ganin cewa daidai tari Ga dukkan abubuwan da aka gyara.

• pH ya yi yawa sosai ko kuma ƙanana:

  • Duba lissafinka sau biyu. Tabbatar kun yi amfani da daidai adadin Kh2po4 da K2PO4.
  • Daidaita PH a hankali Yin amfani da mafita na Kh2po4 (zuwa ƙasa pH) ko K2PO4 (don tashe pH), ko tsarma Hcl ko Kah kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.

• Takaitaccen siffofin a cikin buffer:

  • Wannan na iya faruwa idan maida hankali ne da buffer yayi yawa. Gwada diluting da zubafer.
  • Wasu kayan ado na phosphate suna da karancin karancin abinci. Tabbatar cewa ba ku wuce iyakar iyakokin Ubangiji ba gishiri Kuna amfani.
  • Zazzabi zai iya shafar yanayi. Wani phosphate Salts ne ƙasa da narkewa a ƙananan yanayin zafi.
  • Samu. Tabbatar da na kemistri Reagents ba su da 'yanci daga gurbatawa, kuma cewa kuna aiki a cikin yanayin bakararre, kyauta daga waje gurbata.

• Ba zai iya samun ph da ake so ba

  • Idan kun bi a kasawa kuma ba ku cimma nasarar da aka bayyana ba, gwada kallon yanar gizo. Ba da bincike yana da karamar alumomin masana kimiyya wadanda suke musayar abubuwan da suke samu, kuma zaku iya samun bayani. Idan tambaya game da takamaiman kayan aikin ku na phosphate ba ya kasance tambaya, zaku iya labarta Tambayar ku ga irin wannan.

Maɓalli

• Kh2po4 (potassium Dihydrasen phosphate) da K2PO4 (dippassium Hydrogen phosphate) sune mahimmin abubuwa na phosphate buffers.
• Kh2po4 acidic ne, yayin da K2PO4 shine asali.
• Da rabo na Kh2po4 da K2PO4 yayyana da pH na zubafer bayani.
• Abubuwan buffer na Phosphate suna da tasiri a cikin pH kewayon 6.0 zuwa 8.0.
• Za ka iya shirya phosphate buffers ta amfani Kh2po4 da K2PO4, ko ta hanyar yin magana phosphoric acid (H3po4) Tare da tushe mai ƙarfi.
• M pH Gyara da matsala suna da mahimmanci don nasara zubafer Shiri.
• Idan naku suna shirya buffer daga H3po4 tayi da Kah har sai da bayani ya kai yadda ake so ph.
• Don zuwa daga Kh2po4 zuwa K2PO4 Kuna buƙatar kara Kah.
• Don juyawa, amfani Hcl.

Wannan babban jagora yana ba da ingantaccen tushe don fahimta da amfani phosphate buffers A cikin aikinku. Ka tuna koyaushe ka nemi takamaiman ka'idodin ladabi da amincin aminci don gwaje-gwajen ka. Sa'a.